Basics of Chess Strategy: Bishops

01 na 06

Bishops kamar Open Diagonals

Idan aka yi amfani dashi daidai, bishops zasu iya zama masu iko. A matsayi da yawa, bishop zai iya tabbatar da karfi fiye da sauran ƙananan ƙananan, mai kula da kwarewa.

Wajen budewa, inda aka yi amfani da kullun - musamman ma'anar tsakiya - an sayar da su, suna da ƙarfin haɓakawa na bishop. Sanya bishops a kan zane-zane, inda za su iya sarrafa iko a wurare masu yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Shafin da ke sama ya zo ne game da bambancin Danish Gambit - motsin da aka buga ya kasance 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. c3 dxc3 4. Bc4 cxb2 5. Bxb2 . Haruffan / lambar haɗuwa a nan suna wakiltar wurare a kan gwaninta da kuma takamaiman motsawa mai kunnawa tare da waɗannan ɗayan. Alal misali, babban birnin "B" yana wakiltar sashin "bishop", ƙananan haruffan wasiƙa da haruffan, kamar "e4," suna wakiltar matsayi na guda a kan jirgi, kuma "x" yana nuna cewa wani ya kama wani yan adawa ta hanyar motsawa cikin wani wuri a kan jirgin. A wannan yanayin, farar fata ta ba da hadaya guda biyu, amma yana da albashi saboda bishops biyu masu karfi da ya ci gaba yayin da Black ke aiki yana shan pawns. Zaka iya duba bayanan algebraic don kayan kaya da kuma motsawa akan wannan shafin yanar gizon da FIDE, hukumar tarayya ta duniya ta wallafa.

Yayin da bude ka'idar ta ce matsayin da ke sama da ni'imomin Black - nau'i biyu ne kadan kadan da kayan da za su daina, har ma da aka ba farin Fadar White a ci gaba - Bishops na White ne masu haɗari masu haɗari saboda godiyar da aka sanya su a duniyar, a kan. Black dole ne kare daidai don riƙe da amfani.

02 na 06

Bishops nagari da marasa kyau

Bishops za a iya ƙaddara su "mai kyau" ko "mara kyau" bisa ga dangantaka da kullun.

Idan mafi yawa daga cikin kullunku - musamman ma na tsakiya na tsakiya - suna a kan launi guda daya a matsayin daya daga cikin bishops, wannan bishop yana dauke da bishop "mummunan". Bugu da ƙari, bishop wanda ba ya raba launi daya kamar yadda yawancin kabananka an dauke shi "bishop" mai kyau.

A cikin zane a sama, 'yan wasan biyu suna kula da bishop mai haske. Kamar yadda White's pawns suna a cikin duhu murabba'i, bishop shi ne mai kyau. Ƙungiyar ta Black na zaune a cikin murabba'i mai launin fata wanda bishop ya motsawa, yana sa bishop ya zama mummunan aiki.

Duk da yake ana amfani da wadannan sunaye, ba dole ba ne su kasance daidai da yadda tasirin bishop zai iya zama a matsayin da aka ba su - su ne kawai hanya ta kwatanta wannan yanki. Wannan ya ce, kyakkyawan bishops sukan fi amfani da mummuna. Kyakkyawan bishops suna da 'yanci na motsa jiki, da kuma kula da wuraren da ba su da alaƙa. Hakanan, "mara kyau" bishops zasu iya amfani da su a wani lokacin, kamar yadda suke da kullun su iya kare juna.

03 na 06

Bishops masu aiki

Bishop wanda yake waje da takaddun shinge shi ne bishop mai aiki. Bishops masu aiki suna da 'yanci mafi girma kuma an fi dacewa da su fiye da waɗanda har yanzu da aka kama a cikin sassan pawn. Ko "mai kyau" ko "mara kyau" bishops zasu iya aiki.

A cikin zane na sama, duka White da Black sun sa bishops suyi aiki ta hanyar bunkasa su a waje da sassan sarƙaƙan da aka yi. Yi la'akari da cewa yayin da bishop na Black ya kasance "mummunan" fasaha, "ya dauki matsayi mai karfi a d4 kuma yana da cikakkun matsayi na motsi.

04 na 06

Bishops na Ƙananan Launuka

Saboda ana tilasta bishops su zauna a wurare na launi ɗaya, suna da wasu kyawawan dabi'un da suka sanya su daga wasu sassa. Alal misali, ana iya barin bangarorin biyu tare da daya bishop - tare da daya gefen rike da bishara mai haske, yayin da abokin adawar yana da bishop.

A cikin tsakiyar, waɗannan bishops masu kyan gani zasu iya zama makamai masu guba. Kamar yadda bako ba zai iya fuskantar ɗayan ba, yana da wuya a yi amfani da su a cikin tsaro lokacin da bishop na wani dan wasan ya kai hari. A wannan ma'anar, samun bishops na launuka daban-daban yana ba wa dan wasan da ya ci gaba da amfani da shi.

A ƙarshe, bishops masu daura da kullun suna amfani dasu ga mafi raunin gefe. Yawanci, yana yiwuwa - kuma sau da yawa sau da yawa sauƙi - don samun zane a lokacin da aka rasa ta hanyar kullun ko ma biyu a cikin wani kodayake bishop-colored endgame. Ƙungiyar karewa zata iya kafa wani shinge a kan kusurwoyin da bishiƙarsa suka kewaye shi, kuma mafi girman bangare ba zai iya amfani da bishop don warware wannan tsaro ba.

A cikin zane a sama, Black yana gaba ta hanyar kullun kuma ya bayyana yana kusa da ingantawa da kullun. Duk da haka, kasancewar bishops masu bambance-bambance ba sa da sauki don fadin White. Black ba zai iya cire White bishop daga zane - zane na 1 -h8 ba , kuma bishop na Black ba zai iya kwantar da hankalinsa ba don taimakawa wajen bunkasa ta. Idan Black ya yi ƙoƙari don inganta kullun, White za ta iya kama shi tare da bishop; ko da bishop ya ɓace, wasan zai zama zane, kamar yadda Black ba zai iya tilasta takaddama tare da sarki da bishop kawai ba.

05 na 06

Bishops a Endgame

Bishops sun fi karfi a cikin rukuni tare da kullun da suka rage a bangarori biyu na kwamitin. Wannan yanayin ya ba su damar yin amfani da damar da suke dadewa har zuwa cikakke kuma ya rage yawan nakasa don samun damar samun damar launi ɗaya na murabba'ai. Wannan ya bambanta da sauran ƙananan ƙananan, mai jagoran, wanda ya fi dacewa a kan iyakar inda dukkan furen ya kasance a kan wani reshe domin yana iya rufe wurare masu launuka biyu.

A cikin zane a sama, marubucin White yana amfani da damar da take da ita na tsawon lokaci. Duk da yake Black yana da alaƙa biyar da aka haɗu da shi, White bishop ya dakatar da su duka ta hanyar yin jagorancin dogon lokaci. White za ta ci nasara sauƙin ta hanyar inganta sahunsa kawai.

06 na 06

Bishops a cikin Endgame: Bishop wanda ba daidai ba

Wasu lokuta, har ma da samun karin bishop da kuma pawn bai isa ya lashe a cikin wani endgame . Wannan yana faruwa a lokacin da pawn ya zama rook pawn - ma'anar shi ne a kan ko dai a cikin fayil ko kuma h - kuma bishop ba a launi guda ba ne a matsayin faɗin da wannan fatar zai inganta.

Shafin da ke sama ya kwatanta irin wannan karshen. Tsarin White na kan7 yana son inganta wa sarauniya a kan ma8 , fadin haske. Abin takaicin shine, White kawai yana kula da bishop mai duhu, wanda ba shi yiwuwa ga bishop ya taimakawa kare a8 ko fitar da Black sarki daga can. Duk da cewa shi ne White, amma babu wata hanya ta ci gaba; ko watakila farin zai iya motsa sarki ya bar Black ya kashe sarki a tsakanin a8 da b7 , ko kuma White zai iya takawa bishop ya motsa kuma ya soki sarki Black.