01 na 05
Leasers, Masu zanga-zanga da Ƙarfin Wuta - Ƙara Launi zuwa Dattiyarka
Biyu Dakota Minnesota da Gabashin kwaminis, tare da haɗin ɗakin tsararraki, bazai yi kama da mawuyacin hali - har sai kun tuna kuna kan CSX a tsakiyar Pennsylvania. © 2012 Ryan C Kunkle, lasisi zuwa About.com, Inc. Misali masu aikin jirgin kasa waɗanda suka zaɓa su bi samfurin yi don dalilai da yawa. Ɗaya mai amfani shi ne cewa yana sa ya fi wuya a ɓata daga abin da kake buƙata kuma a kan kowane samfurin da zai kama ido. Tsayawa da maƙasudin mahimmanci kuma yana inganta ainihin ainihin kowane layout. Amma kamar yadda yake tare da duk wani abu, akwai sauran ga kowane mulki.
Abin farin idan kayi nazarin samfurin na tsawon lokaci, zaku sami alamun misalai na locomotives a wuraren da ba ku zata ba. Ma'aikata da 'yan kaya suna kira wannan "ikon kasashen waje," saboda ba shi cikin tashar jirgin da yake gudana. Ba abin mamaki ba ne a Arewacin Arewa a yau don locomotives daga Kanada da Amurka don haye iyakar - samar da ikon kasashen waje na gaskiya.
Santa Fe tayar da ruwa a Ohio a Pennsylvania? Norfolk Southern diesels a kudancin California a kan Union Pacific? Yammacin Maryland iko akan karatun? Dukkanan alamu ne na samfuri wanda ya nuna gaskiyar cewa komai yaduwar tashar jirgin kasa, ko da yaushe akwai bukatar buƙata, aro, kuma a wasu lokuta - sata!
Ba wai kawai aikin raba rabawa yana motsa kallon kallon mai ban sha'awa ba, zai iya ƙara sabon matakin fun zuwa ga aikin aiki na gaba na gaba.
02 na 05
Masu zanga-zanga
Locomotives masu zanga-zanga ba'a ƙayyade su ba. Masu ginin magunguna sun samar da zane-zane don nuna sababbin sababbin abubuwa. Wannan samfurin Bachmann yana da ɗan kyauta, amma yana kama da komai. © 2012 Ryan C Kunkle, lasisi zuwa About.com, Inc. Daga farkon locomotives na tururuwa zuwa ga diesel FT zuwa yau zamani diesels, masu ginin sukan sayar da sababbin fasahohi ta hanyar nuna railroads su yi farko hannun. Hakanan lokaci dogoro-magunguna ma za su ba da rancen locomotives don gwaji. Wannan ya fi dacewa a cikin shekarun tudu, lokacin da kayayyaki na al'ada sun kasance daidai, ba banda.
Masu zanga-zanga masu zanga-zangar tafiya daga jirgin kasa zuwa filin jirgin kasa, aiki na makonni ko watanni a lokaci don kimantawa. A lokacin gwajin, motar mota da kamfanin da ke cikin jirgin zai ba da izinin yin amfani da locomotives don ba da damar dubawa na farko. Ana saran mota ta atomatik tare da sauran na'urorin gwaji don taimakawa wajen janye ikon, dacewa da man fetur, haɓakawa da sauran muhimman bayanai. Gwagwarmaya na tsawon lokaci bazai haɗa da kunnawa ba a kowane tafiya, amma yana da damar yin amfani da hanyar yin amfani da filin jirgin sama don gwada hanyoyi da yawa da kuma kimantawa a cikin lokaci.
Duk da yake a kan dukiya, ana amfani da locomotives kawai, ko kuma haɗuwa da ikon kansa.
Ana tabbatar da masu zanga-zangar don tabbatar da hankali. Ba wai kawai su ne sabon abu bane, amma masu ginin gida suna daukar ƙaramin girman kai a cikin takardun zane-zane da aka yi amfani da waɗannan locomotives don tabbatar da cewa za su fita a cikin kowane ɗayan. Ga masu yin laƙabi, ba kawai wannan ya kara wani launi da bambancin ba a cikin jirgi, yana kuma ba da dama don tafiyar da kayan aiki "mu" ba a taba mallakar jirgin ba. Bayan haka, dakin tarho ba su saya duk abin da suka gwada ba.
Bayan an kammala gwaji, masu ginin gida suna sayar da sassan masu zanga-zanga. A wannan lokaci, yawancin su ana fentin su a cikin tsarin aikin jirgin kasa kuma suna da wuya a tattara su daga taron. Musamman ma talakawa-yin locomotives bazai sami mai siyarwa ba kuma ana mayar da su zuwa ga mai ginawa kuma ya kara wa ɗakin bashin su ko ya zama jarrabawa don sabuwar sabuwar sabuwar al'ada.
03 na 05
Haɗin Locomotive
Bayan gwaji tare da SD60s guda uku a kan aro don 'yan shekarun nan, Burlington Northern ya sake mayar da su zuwa EMD - wanda ya sake shafa su kuma ya sake dawo da su don jiragen ruwa na wurin da suka yi tafiya a kasar. © 2011 Ryan C Kunkle, lasisi zuwa About.com, Inc. Hanyoyin zirga-zirgar jirage sun tashi da fada tare da sauran nau'o'in kasuwanci. Tattalin arziki, kayan aiki na yanayi da wasu dalilai na iya haifar da hawan kai a cikin zirga-zirga. Locomotives suna da tsada mai tsada, kuma rukunin jiragen ruwa ba su iya ba su damar zama a kusa da jiran jiragen ruwa. Don ramawa saboda wannan, dakin tarbiyya za su rika hayar karin kayan aiki idan an buƙata.
Daga tsarin hangen nesa, ɗakin tsararraki yana da wasu nau'o'in ƙirar motsi. Ba kawai za a iya amfani da kowane nau'i na locomotive ba, amma zane-zanen fenti da suke sawa zai iya jingina daga zane-zane na al'ada don yada labaran "sannu-sannu da datti" don zartar da zane-zane daga masu amfani da baya. Sau da yawa ana amfani da locomotives daga kamfanin kamfanoni, amma haɗin gine-gine za su haya locomotives kai tsaye daga juna.
Kamfanoni masu leasing ba su saya sabon iko ba. Ƙungiyoyin jiragen ruwa na locomotive suna mamaye kayan aikin dan kadan, wanda dakin motar ya ritaya. Sau da yawa kayan aiki ana sake ginawa kuma suna da yawa. Dangane da yadda sauri kamfanin yake so ya dawo da ikon yin hidima, yana iya ko a'a ba za'a sake ta ba. A wasu lokuta, injuna suna sayar da tsofaffin kayan aiki kawai don sake dawo da shi shekaru ko ma wasu watanni.
Ayyukan ya zama mafi mahimmanci tun daga shekarun 1970, amma ba a ji ba ko da a cikin lokacin tururi. Santa Fe 2-10-4s da Karatu 4-8-4s za'a iya samun su a lokuta daban-daban a kan Pennsylvania Railroad misali.
Tare da kamfanoni masu yawa da ƙananan kamfanoni a can, locomotive haya mai mahimmanci abu ne mai sauƙi kuma mai mahimmanci ga duk wani layout "ikon-mulki". Tun da yawancin kamfanonin ƙera ƙananan kamfanoni a yau suna aiki a ƙarƙashin sakonni na ainihin su (HLMX, FURX, GECX, da dai sauransu) suna da sauƙin samfurin - ko zuwa aikin kai tsaye . Idan kun kasance mai zanewa wanda ke son kome da kome, to, ƙirƙirar kamfanonin ku na ƙwaƙwalwa zai zama hanya mai kyau don samun lasisi don kwatanta kawai game da kowane abu.
04 na 05
Ƙarfin Wuta
CSX yana da babban cibiyar sadarwa - amma ba ya isa Nebraska. Wani tsohuwar ƙungiyar Conrail alama ce ta ƙidayawa da wuri a cikin zuciyar yankin Pacific Pacific yayin da yake aiki a yammacin gudu daga sa'o'i. © 2012 Ryan C Kunkle, lasisi zuwa About.com, Inc. Wataƙila mafi yawan al'amuran wutar lantarki da ke tafiya zuwa wasu tashar jiragen sama na faruwa ne sakamakon sakamakon hadin kai. Ana yin musayar motocin sufurin jiragen sama a tsakanin dogo a kowace rana - ba tare da wannan ba, tsarin din gaba ɗaya bazai aiki ba. Ko da yake ba su yi tafiya ba akai-akai, locomotives na iya tafiya daga hanya zuwa hanya kuma.
Kogin Locomotive ya fito ne daga dalilai masu yawa. Wani lokaci, ana barin kayan aiki a kan hanyoyi masu sauri. Wannan ya zama yafi dacewa da diesel, tun da yake ayyukan da ake amfani da su a locomotives sun fi girma kuma wasu sassa sun daidaita tsakanin hanyoyi.
A kan jiragen da aka keɓe mai nisa, kowane jirgin kasa zai iya samar da wasu adadin locomotives a tafkin don wannan sabis ɗin, bisa ga mota ne jirgin ya yi tafiya a kan layi. Maimakon musanyawa da maye gurbin ikon a wuraren sadarwa, locomotives kawai zauna tare da jirgin. Wannan aikin kuma yana faruwa ne a kan ƙasa mai mahimmanci. Railroads suna lura da tsawon lokacin da locomotives suke ciyarwa a wani layi. Layin bashi yana iya biyan kuɗi don yin amfani da ku, ko kuma ta hanyar amfani da locomotives kamar hanya. Kamar yadda zaku iya fada, wannan aikin yana buƙatar takardun lissafin kudi - wani abu da ba mu damu ba a kan tashar jirgin ɗinmu.
A kan hanyar jirgin kasa, ana iya ganin ikon da aka fi sani da shi a cikin hanyar locomotives daga layin haɗi. Ba abin mamaki ba ne don samun karin abubuwan da suka faru a halin yanzu. An sanar da hanyoyin Railroads don amfani da locomotives da aka bashi daga wata layin ko kamfanin bashi don biya kashe-wutar zuwa ga wani kamfani!
05 na 05
Hanyoyin Tsaro
Kamfanin Buffalo da na Pittsburgh sun shiga cikin Yard ta New York na CSX ta hanyar 'yanci na' yan wasa. Ana amfani da motoci da kuma ci gaba da tafiya, amma ikon zai dawo zuwa raga na gida tare da sabon kunshi. © 2011 Ryan C Kunkle, lasisi zuwa About.com, Inc. Duk da haka akwai wani zaɓi na "ikon kasashen waje" ya zo ne a hanyar abin da direbobi ke kira "'yancin' yanci." A wannan yanayin, ba wai kawai locomotives ba ne, amma dukkanin jirgin da ke da wani jirgin kasa daban daban. Sau da yawa aka yi a matsayin sakamakon haɗin gwiwar ko ƙarfafawa don kare gasar, railroads na iya ba wa juna dama don amfani da waƙoƙin. Wadannan zasu iya zama yarjejeniya ta gaba, ko kuma al'amurra na gajeren lokaci irin su a cikin ɓarna ko wasu matsala. Lissafi masu daidaita suna iya karɓar motar "detour" daga filin jirgin kasa.
Ƙididdigar tsararru za ta iya ɗaukar wani abu kamar samun dama ga manyan masana'antu ko tashar jiragen ruwa. Maimakon gina ɗakunan wurare guda biyu, wata hanyar jirgin kasa za ta biya wa ɗayan kuɗin don amfani da waƙoƙin su. A wa] ansu lokuta, hanyoyin zirga-zirga za su ha] a hannu a kan gina sababbin layi idan suna da amfani.
A kan hanyar jirgin kasa, za a iya amfani da waɗannan 'yancin haɓaka a hanyoyi da yawa. Zaka iya karɓar ragamar jirgin "ta hanyar" da ba ta daina ko yin canji a kan layinka amma tafiya kawai a kan hanya. Kwanan jirgi daga hanya mai haɗi zai iya zo ta hanyar yin amfani da hoto a ɗaya daga cikin yadudduka ko masana'antu don yin aiki, sa'an nan kuma juya ya koma "gida." Canja wurin canja wuri daga hanyoyi daban-daban a kan layout guda ɗaya zai iya wucewa daga layin zuwa layi.