Ko da yake akwai wasu 'yan wasan da yawa a cikin tarihin kaya, amma an zabi wasu' yan kalilan ne kawai su rika daukar nauyin Champion na Chess Duniya.
Manufar zakara ta duniya ta fara fitowa a farkon rabin karni na 19, kuma kalmar "zakara ta duniya" ta fara a farkon shekara ta 1845. Tun daga wannan lokacin, akwai wasu mashawarcin kwarewa da za su dauki lakabi, bisa hukuma kuma ba tare da izini ba. , amma don manufar wannan labarin, zamu tattauna kawai waɗanda aka yarda da su a matsayin World Chess Champions.
Duk da haka, yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa akwai wasu 'yan wasa marasa rinjaye da suka gabata a shekarar 1886 lokacin da aka fara gasar cin kofin duniya ta duniya, irin su Paul Morphy.
World Chess Championship
An buga gasar Championship na duniya (wani lokaci WCC ta ƙare) don tsara gasar zakarun duniya a cikin kaya, har zuwa 1948 gasar zakarun kwallon kafa na duniya da aka shirya a cikin gida tsakanin 'yan wasan inda mai zane ya kafa sharudda, yana buƙatar kowane mai ƙalubalantar tayar da gwargwadon rahoto da kayar da Jagora don saya take.
Daga 1948 zuwa 1993, hukumar kwallon kafa ta duniya (FIDE) ta gudanar da zakara, amma a shekara ta 1993, Garry Kasparov mai mulki ya rabu da FIDE, wanda ya haifar da kaddamar da gasar ta PCA. Rubutun sun hada dasu a World Chess Championship 2006.
Magnus Carlsen na duniya a duniya ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya na 2013 a kan Viswanathan Anand kuma ya samu nasara a kare shi da Anand a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2014 da kuma Sergey Karjakin a shekarar 2016; Ana sa ran Carlsen ya kare matsayinsa a gasar cin kofin duniya na duniya a watan Maris na shekara ta 2018.
Sauran abubuwan da suka bambanta da kuma lakabi sune gasar tseren mata na duniya, World Junior Chess Championship (ga 'yan wasa a karkashin shekaru 20), Ƙasar Zaman Duniya ta Duniya (ga maza sama da 60 da haihuwa, da mata fiye da 50), da Duniya Kasuwancin Kwamfuta na Kwamfuta, wanda shine kawai taron da kwakwalwa zai iya shiga.
Kwallon Kasa na Kwallon Kasa na Duniya
Kwanan nan na duniya Chess Champions ya fara da shan kashi Wilhelm Steinitz na Johannes Zukertort a wasan da suka buga a 1886. Tun daga wannan lokaci, gasar zakarun Duniya ta kasance an yi ta gwagwarmaya a wasan tsakanin mai zanawa yanzu da kuma dan kalubale, koda yake an yi amfani da wasanni a lokaci don dalilai daban-daban.
- Wilhelm Steinitz (1886-1894)
- Emanuel Lasker (1894-1921)
- Jose Raul Capablanca (1921-1927)
- Alexander Alekhine (1927-1935, 1937-1946)
- Max Euwe (1935-1937)
- Mikhail Botvinnik (1948-1957, 1958-1960, 1961-1963)
- Vasily Smyslov (1957-1958)
- Mikhail Tal (1960-1961)
- Tigran Petrosian (1963-1969)
- Boris Spassky (1969-1972)
- Robert James "Bobby" Fischer (1972-1975)
- Anatoly Karpov (1975-1985)
- Garry Kasparov (1985-2000)
- Vladimir Kramnik (2000-2007)
- Viswanathan Anand (2007-2013)
- Magnus Carlsen (2013-yanzu)
FIDE World Chess Champions
A yayin da Garry Kasparov ya raba tare da Fifa ta Duniya (FIDE) da kuma shirya gasar gasar zakarun duniya ta 1993 da Nigel Short, FIDE ta bayyana cewa har yanzu suna jagorantar gasar cin kofin zakarun Duniya kuma suna da nasaba da kansu. Duk da yake FIDE ba ta dauki matsayi na gasar zakarun duniya ba, wa] annan 'yan wasan suna lura da muhimmancin tarihin su.
- Anatoly Karpov (1993-1999)
- Alexander Khalifman (1999-2000)
- Viswanathan Anand (2000-2002)
- Ruslan Ponomariov (2002-2004)
- Rustam Kasimdzhanov (2004-2005)
- Veselin Topalov (2005-2006)
A shekara ta 2006, wa] annan lakabi biyu sun ha] a hannu a lokacin da Vladimir Kramnik ya zamo FIDE Champion Veselin Topalov a cikin wasanni na reunification.