Daukar hoto akan Yanayin Dan Adam
Mary Ellen Mark alamace ce ta hotunan zamani . Ayyukanta sun nuna masu kallo a shekarun da suka gabata, kuma tana da masaniya don rubuta bayanai na mutanen da ke duniya baki daya wadanda ba zasu sani ba kuma sun manta.
Ainihin aiki a baki da fari, Markus yana ɗaya daga cikin ' yan jarida masu shahararrun mata. Yawancin hotunanta sune sanannun kuma suna da kyawawan dabi'un da suke ɗaukar labarinta a cikin wani nau'i guda.
Bugu da ƙari, da irin abubuwan da yake bi na bayanan da ake yi, aikin Mark ya ƙunshi hoto da tallafin daukar hoto. Ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa ta yau da kullum ga mujallu kamar Life , The New Yorker , The New York Times Magazine , Rolling Stone , da kuma Vanity Fair .
Mary Ellen Mark ya bar zurfin ra'ayi kan daukar hoto . Ta taimaka wajen tsara nauyin masu daukar hoto da yawa kuma ya ba da haske ga miliyoyin mutane. Kodayake ta wuce ta 2015 a shekara 75, ba za a manta da gadonta ba da daɗewa kamar yadda ta bar mu tare da wani aiki wanda ya haɓakar da mafi kyawun masu daukan hoto a tarihi.
Maryamu Ellen Markus na Farko
An haife Mark a 1940 a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ta gane cewa tana son daukar hoto a farkon shekaru tara kuma ta farko ta kamara shi ne Kodak Brownie. Ta kasance shugaban gaisuwa a makarantar sakandare kuma ta sami sha'awar zane da zane.
Mark ya halarci Jami'ar Pennsylvania inda ta sami digiri na BFA a zane da zane-zane.
Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na Master a photojournalism daga Makarantar Annenberg don Sadarwa a shekara ta 1964. A shekara ta gaba sai ta sami kyaftin din Fulbright zuwa hoto a Turkiyya har shekara guda.
Motsawa zuwa Birnin New York
Wasu daga cikin aikin Markus mafi kyau ya yi lokacin da ta koma New York inda ta ƙare mafi yawan rayuwarsa.
A nan ne ta fara yin hotunan zanga-zangar yaki na Vietnam, da 'yan mata na' yanci, da kuma al'adun da suka shafi al'adu.
Yanayin birnin a shekarun 1960 ya tsara aikinta. Har ila yau, ya ba da gudummawar jagorancin aikin da ya fi mayar da hankali kan hotunan mutane a waje da al'amuran zamantakewa.
Mark ya bayyana lokacin da aka tambayi game da hotunanta da kuma batutuwa da ta mayar da hankali a kan "Ina sha'awar mutane a gefuna, ina jin wata dangantaka ga mutanen da ba su da mafi kyau a cikin al'umma. duk wani abu ya amince da kasancewarsu. "
Ayyukan Mark a kan Kyautun fina-finai
Mark ya zama mai daukar hoton hoto a zane-zane. Ayyukanta na mayar da hankali ga samarwa har yanzu yana da sama da dari da fina-finai da suka hada da "Alice's Restaurant," "Catch-22," "Carnal Knowledge," "Apocalypse Now," da kuma "Daya Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest."
Shirin Mark a cikin fina-finai "Daya Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" ya sa ta nemi izinin zama a wurin da ake yin fim din. Mark ya shafe watanni biyu a Ƙasar Kula da Harkokin Mutuwar Jihar Oregon, yana amfana da daukar hoto ga matan da suke marasa lafiya. Wadannan hotuna masu haɗari da kuma muni sun kasance sun hada cikin littafin da ake kira Ward 81 .
Mark ya kuma yi aiki a fina-finai da dama, da farko takardun shaida tare da mijinta, mai suna Martin Bell. Daga cikin ayyukan da kungiyar ta yi a shekarar 1984 ne aka samar da " Streetwise " tare da mai ba da rahoto Cheryl McCall da kuma fim din 1992 "American Heart," wanda Duo ya rubuta tare da masanin rubutun Peter Silverman.
Labarin Ɗabi'ar Mark's
Marubucin farko ya ba da hankali tare da hoton hoto wanda ya fito a cikin mujallolin Mujallar Wasanni game da abin da ake yi a London. Ta sauko da wasu ayyukan mujallu a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa.
A lokacin Markus aiki, ta bayar da gudummawar da yawa wallafe-wallafe, ciki har da Rolling Stone, Vanity Fair, da kuma New Yorker. Bugu da kari, ta buga littattafan 18 ciki harda Fasfon, Ward 81 , Hanyar Falkland , da Ofishin Jakadancin Mother Teresa a Calcutta, kawai don suna suna.
Bayan aikin aikin da aka wallafa, hoton Mark ya bayyana a yawancin nune-nunen hotuna a kan aikinta.
Har ila yau, ta koyar da koyarwa, a ko'ina cikin duniya.
Maryamu Ellen Mark ta karshe aiki ya HOTO: New Orleans. Hukumar ta CNN ta ba da umarni, Mark ya tafi New Orleans don kama rayukan mazauna garin shekaru goma bayan Hurricane Katrina ya lalata birnin. An gabatar da wannan bidiyon a watan Agusta na 2015, bayan 'yan watanni bayan mutuwar Maris ranar 25 ga Mayu.
Tsarin Mary Ellen da Tsaro na Jama'a
An san Markus game da matsalolin batutuwa masu mahimmanci game da aikinta. Wadannan sun hada da rashin gidaje, ƙazantawa, shan jima'i, da karuwanci. Ta fara aiki ne a baki da fari kuma wannan zabi ya kara da tasiri na hotuna da yawa.
Hotuna na al'adun mu daban daban na duniya sun zama alamomi a filin daukar hoto . Ta yi tafiya a yalwace duniya da ke cike da yanayin mutum. Hannunta na Uwargida Teresa, 'yan Indiyawa, da kuma masu bautar gumaka a Bombay sune sakamakon shekaru da yawa da aka kashe a Indiya.
Mark ya nuna yanayin rashin gida lokacin da ta zana hoton 'yan uwan gida na Los Angeles, Damms, wanda ta farko ta harbe yayin da suke zaune a motarsu a shekara ta 1987. Ta dawo shekaru biyar daga baya zuwa "gida", dukiyar da aka bari a yankunan karkara. sun kasance ba tare da izini ba.
Mark bai bar matasanta ba kuma sau da yawa ya sake komawa wajen sake rubuta rayuwarsu shekaru da yawa.
A shekara ta 1983, ta yi wani aiki na Mujallar Rayuwa da ke amfani da hanyoyi tare da yara da yara a Seattle, Washington. Ta kama rayukan yara masu rai da kuma hotuna suka zama tushen duniyar fina-finai mai suna "Streetwise".
Markus ya yi hotunan Erin Blackwell (wanda aka fi sani da Tiny) don hotunan fim kuma a tsawon shekarun da ta sake ta hotunanta, yana nuna mace da ta kasance yana motsawa daga matashi kai tsaye zuwa tsakiyar shekaru. Mark ya ambaci wasu matsalolin Erin a cikin littafin da aka sake gani, Exposure , ciki har da zubar da miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma haifar da yara tara daga iyayensu biyar.
Awards da Lissafi
Kusan ba zai yiwu ba a rubuta duk alamun da Mark ya karɓa a tsawon shekaru.
Wasu daga cikin manyan mashahuran sun hada da:
- Gudun rayuwa a Hoton Hotuna daga Gidan George Eastman (2014)
- Hoton Kwarewa na Hoton Hotuna daga Ƙungiyar Hul] a Duniya (2014)
- Kyautar Infinity da lambar yabo Cornell Capa daga Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya (1997, 2001)
- Abinda ya kebantaccen hoto, Mata a cikin Hotuna (1988)
- Aikin Phillipe Halsman na Photojournalism daga Kamfanin Mujallar Mujallar Mujallu na Amirka (1986)
- Mujallar Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Awards (1980, 1981, 1983, 1984)