Shirye-shiryen Hotuna - Budewa

01 na 04

Shirye-shiryen Bidiyo

Budewa yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke da rikicewa na daukar hoto don sababbin masu daukan hoto (da wasu tsohuwar hannayensu). A gaskiya, ba dole ba ne a rikice. Hanya ita ce budewa ta bude a cikin tabarau ta kamara wanda yayi aiki sosai kamar inris din a idon ku.

Lokacin da budewa ya buɗe (kamar idonka na dilating), an bada haske ta hanyar ruwan tabarau don nuna hotuna. Lokacin da budewar ta kunshi kunkuntar (kamar jariri a haske mai haske), rashin haske ya kai fim. Wannan yana aiki tare tare da sauri rufewa da kuma saurin fim don ƙayyade adadin haske da ya kai fim. Girman kusurwa yana rinjayar zurfin filin .

02 na 04

Daidaita Hanya

Ana auna fasali ta amfani da F-Stops. F-Tsayawa lambobi suna wakilci nau'i nau'i nau'i na adadin haske da aka bari ta wuce ta budewa. A cikin sharuddan sauƙi, F-Dakatar da lambobin suna girma yayin da budewa ya karami, kamar lambobin gaggawar rufewa suna girma kamar lokacin da aka bude murfin ya karami. Kowace ƙarar F-Dama yana wakiltar dakatarwar hasken kai zuwa fim din. Yayin da budewar ta rufe, mafi yawan abubuwan da zasu faru za su kasance da hankali (kamar yadda muka koya a zurfin darasi na filin ).

F-Tsaya dangantaka da haske da zurfin filin

• Babban F-Dakata Number = Ƙarin Ƙaƙata Mai Bukata = Ƙari Mafi Girma na filin
• Ƙananan F-Tsaya Kira = Ƙaƙƙin Ƙaƙwalwa Ba Ya Bukatar = Ƙananan Ƙarin filin

Yawancin kalaman hoto a tsawon shekaru sunyi ƙoƙari su ƙaddamar da tunanin ƙananan budewa = babban F-Tsayawa cikin ƙwaƙwalwar 'yan kallo. Duk da yake wannan yana da mahimmanci a san, Na ga yawancin masu daukan hoto da yawa sunyi kokarin ƙoƙari su tuna da wannan dangantaka mara kyau a fagen. Idan ya fi sauƙi a gare ka ka tuna da dangantakar F-Stop tare da haske da zurfin filin sannan ta kowane hali, yi amfani da hanyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da ke aiki mafi kyau a gare ka a filin. Idan kun rasa harbi saboda kuna ƙoƙarin tunawa da budewa ga F-Stop mechanics to, yana da kariya kawai.

Duk da yake akwai ainihin babbar hanyar F-Stops (ƙananan budewa) mai yiwuwa, dangane da ruwan tabarau, akwai ƙaddamar yanayi na tsakiya wanda yawancin ruwan tabarau masu amfani zasu iya aiki a ciki.

Ƙa'idodin F-Tsayawa

• f / 4
• f / 5.6
• f / 8
• f / 11
• f16
• f22

03 na 04

Zaɓin Farfaɗa

An saita kusurwa a kan kyamarori ta hanyar juya kira na musamman akan jikin kamara. A cikin tsofaffi, cikakkun kyamarori masu kamala, wannan bugun kira ne a kan ruwan tabarau na kamara wanda aka alama tare da F-Stop lambobi. A cikin sababbin kyamarori, ana nuna duk budewa a kan allo na LCD yayin da mai daukar hoto ya juya wani karamin motar kusa da maɓallin shinge don gyara tsarin. Hanya daidai na dabaran zai bambanta daga kamara zuwa kyamara. A kan batu da harbe bindigogi, akwai yiwuwar ba za a iya sarrafawa don zaɓar ƙayyadadden hanyoyi ko F-Stops.

Idan kyamararka ba ta da hanyar da za ta iya saita budewa da hannu za ka iya buƙatar fahimtar hanyoyin da aka tsara na kamara don samun buɗewar da aka so. Yawancin kyamarori SLR suna da wadannan hanyoyin da aka tsara tare da wasu ƙwayoyi masu kyau na kulawa mai kyau.

Wasu Misalai na Yanayin Kamara Na Musamman

Bayanin budewa - Yana ba ka damar saita budewa kuma kyamara na ƙayyade gudu da kuma ISO

Yanayin saɓo na ƙasa - Yana amfani da ƙananan budewa (babban F-Stop) ta hanyar tsoho

Zane-zane na zane-zane - Yana amfani da babbar budewa (ƙananan F-Stop) da jinkirin gudu na fim ta hanyar tsoho

04 04

Bugawa a cikin Saitunan Kamara

Kusan duk kyamarori na atomatik a yau suna da wasu nau'i-nau'i na harbi. Wadannan an tsara su ne don takamaiman yanayi irin su aikin, shimfidar wurare, da hotuna. Idan ka san abin da waɗannan canji na canzawa game da saitunan kamara zaka iya amfani da su zuwa ga dama a yawancin yanayi fiye da yadda aka nufa. Mun rufe wasu hanyoyi da suke da nauyi a bude amma yanzu bari mu gano yadda budewa ke aiki a cikin tsarin saitunan kamara.

Ta yaya Budewa ke aiki a Yanayin Saiti

Macro
Yanayin Macro shi ne yanayin saiti na atomatik inda aka shirya kamara don amfani da babban buɗewa don ramawa ga ƙwaƙwalwar DOF da ke kusa da harbi. A cikin wannan yanayin, baza ka iya saita ainihin budewar da kake so ba, amma zaka iya rage yiwuwar ka daga wani abu mai mahimmanci ta hanyar amfani da wannan yanayin.

Tsarin sararin samaniya
Yanayin sararin samaniya yana da babban babban tsarin DOF. An tsara filin sararin samaniya don ba da ƙananan budewa (mafi girma F-Stop) don tabbatar da zurfin filin . Wannan yana nufin cewa gudun gudu zai kasance da hankali. Idan kyamararka ba ta bada izinin hanyar Manual ko Av kuma kana so ka harba wani batu a inda tushen baya yake a mayar da hankali, gwada tsarin shimfidar wuri.

Hoton
Yanayin hoto yana amfani da babbar buɗewa don ƙirƙirar ƙananan ƙafa. An tsara hotunan don samun zurfin zurfin filin (babban buɗewa / kananan F-Stop) da kuma amfani da jinkirin rawar fim don yada bango daga mayar da hankali da kuma samo hatsin fim mai kyau. Yi amfani da wannan wuri a duk lokacin da kake so a baya.

Manual
Ana saita saitin jagora "M" a kan sababbin kyamara kuma yana, a sakamakon haka, kawai saiti a kan na'urori masu kwance. Hanyar jagora yana nufin cewa kayi cikakken kula da saitunan kamara. Idan ka saita budewa / F-Tsayawa yayin yanayin M, zaka buƙaci yin gyare-gyare don rufe gudu da kanka don kiyaye kyamarar da ya dace. Yi amfani da ma'aunin haske na kyamararka don tabbatar da dabi'un da suke cikin daidaituwa.

Ƙaddamarwar Bugawa
Saiti a kan kyamararka wanda ake kira "Av" ana kiransa Tsarin Farko. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan kun yi amfani da yanayin Av kuma saita budewa / F-Dama, kamara zai daidaita yanayin ƙimar ka don rufe cikakken yalwar.

Shirin
Yanayin shirin yana alama ne ta "P" akan 'yan kyamarori kaɗan da ke da wannan zaɓi. A yanayin shirin, kyamararka tana karɓar wasu yanayi waɗanda aka tsara ta cikin menu. Kullum, wannan yanayin ya baka damar saita ko dai gudun hijira ko budewa yayin da kyamara ta daidaita wani wuri don kulawa da dacewa.