01 na 05
Menene zurfin filin?
© Liz Masoner 2007 lasisi zuwa About.com, Inc. Kalma ta kowa a daukar hoto, zurfin filin yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da lokacin da ya samar da wani hoton. An yi amfani dashi a darajar digiri don sanya duk abin da ke cikin hoton ta hanyar mayar da hankalin kai tsaye ko don kunna mayar da hankali da kuma nuna haske a kan batun, kyale wasu abubuwa su kasance da damuwa.
Masu daukan hoto suna amfani da zurfin filin don ƙirƙirar wasu tasirin kuma zana hankalin mai kallo ga wasu abubuwan da ke faruwa a wurin. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci yadda shingen budewa akan kyamararka, da tsinkayyar tsawon ruwan tabarau, da kuma nisa na batunka zai shafi tasirin hoton.
Menene zurfin filin?
Zurfin filin shine adadin hotonka kafin da kuma bayan abin da kake son mayar da hankali da zai kasance a mayar da hankali. Ya kamata ku gane abin da zurfin filin shi ne domin zai gaya muku ko ko kaɗan ba za a iya ba da labarinku ko a'a ba a lokaci guda.
Girma daga filin an ƙaddara ta abubuwa uku masu muhimmanci:
- Budewa / F-Tsaya
- Lens
- Subject Distance
Duk da yake kyamara na iya mayar da hankali kawai a kan maƙallin ƙananan wuri a sararin samaniya, zurfin filin yana ƙayyade yawan hoton da yake cikin "mai da hankali" ga ido na mutum.
- A cikin batutuwa irin su shimfidar wurare, ana buƙatar zurfin filin wasa don ganin dukkanin yanayin ya kasance a mayar da hankali.
- A cikin batutuwa irin su hotuna, ana amfani da ƙananan zurfin filin don batar da baya kuma rage ƙwayoyi daga ainihin batun na hoton.
02 na 05
Halin Budewa / F-Tsaya akan Zurfin filin
© Liz Masoner 2007 lasisi zuwa About.com, Inc. Babban iko na zurfin filin shi ne budewa, ko f-tsayawa, a kan kyamararka. Shafuka suna zuwa daga f / 1.8-f / 64 kuma kowane ruwan tabarau da ka sanya a kyamararka zai sami wata maɓallin budewa wanda aka nuna akan ruwan tabarau kanta.
Mene ne Budewa?
Budewa yana bayyana wani abu mai daidaitawa a cikin tabarau na kamara wanda yake iko da yawan hasken da ya danna fim din ko firik din dijital. Yayin da girman budewar ya canza, kusurwar haske ta cinye fim ko firikwensin ma yana canje-canje. Wannan sauyawa ne na kwana - kamar kyawawan idanu suna canza yanayin hasken - wanda ya haifar da canji a zurfin filin.
An auna kusurwa ta hanyar f-tsayawa a kan kulawar kyamara. Saitunan F-dakatar da wani rabo wanda aka samo daga girman ruwan tabarau da kuma tsayin daka.
Binciken yana da rikicewa ga sababbin masu daukan hoto (da kuma wasu masu daukan hoto) saboda bayyanar rikici a cikin bayaninsa: ƙananan f-tsayawa shine babban bude buɗewa kuma babban f-stop shine karamin bude bude . Saboda ƙananan budewa ƙayyade adadin haske shigar da ruwan tabarau, babban f-stop (ƙananan buɗewa) ma yana buƙatar karin haske don nuna hoton da kyau.
Hanyar da za a iya tunawa da dangantakar dake tsakanin F-Tsaya / Budewa da zurfin filin shine:
- Babban F-Tsaya = Girman Girman Ƙasa = Ƙarin Haske Da ake Bukata
- Ƙananan F-Tsaya = Ƙananan Ƙananan Ƙasa = Ƙananan Ƙaƙƙin Wuta
Wannan yana nufin cewa:
- Ƙananan f-tsayawa, kamar f / 11, na buƙatar gaggauta hanzari ko karin haske da kuma samar da hotuna tare da zurfin filin (mafi yawan abubuwan da ke faruwa a hankali).
- Ƙananan f-tsayawa, kamar f / 4, zai ba da damar sauri gudu da sauri ko ƙananan haske da kuma samar da hotuna tare da zurfin zurfin filin (ƙananan abubuwan da ke faruwa a hankali).
03 na 05
Matsayin Lens Girma a kan zurfin filin
© Liz Masoner 2007 lasisi zuwa About.com, Inc. Tsawon tsinkayyar tsawon ruwan tabarau na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙayyade zurfin filin (DOF) don hotonka.
Ta yaya tsayi mai zurfi yana tasiri zurfin filin
Ka yi la'akari da ƙarfin ruwan tabarau a matsayin ƙayyadadden factor don ikonka na budewa. Mafi girman maɗaukakiyar haɓaka, ƙananan filin zai kasance, har ma tare da manyan saitunan f-stop.
Zurfin ci gaban filin don samin ruwan tabarau 70-300mm:
- 70mm = mafi girma DOF
- 100mm = babban DOF
- 200mm = ƙananan DOF
- 300mm = mafi karami DOF
Ana danganta wannan sakamako a macro daukar hoto inda kusanci kusa da batun da tsayi mai mahimmanci yana haifar da zurfin filin da wasu lokuta ba su da ƙasa da inch.
04 na 05
Hanyar Matakan Farko a kan zurfin filin
© Liz Masoner 2007 lasisi zuwa About.com, Inc. Yawancin ƙarfin ruwan tabarau, nesa na kasa, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tantance yiwuwar zurfin filin a cikin hoto. Da mafi kusantar kai ne zuwa wurinka mai mahimmanci ko batun, ƙananan ƙarfin filin yana yiwuwa.
Ta yaya Distance Ya shafi Farfadowar filin
Don kwatanta wannan sakamako, ka riƙe hannunka a hannunka a gaban fuskarka. Ko da lokacin da kake mayar da hankali a hannunka zaka iya ganin kyakkyawan yanayin da ke kewaye da kai a hankali.
Sannu a hankali motsa hannunka a fuskarka har sai ka isa iyakar hanyoyi. Yi la'akari da yadda ƙasa da ke kewaye hannunka yana cikin mayar da hankali. Ci gaba da haɓaka hannunka har sai ya kasance kusa da idanunku na iya mayar da hankali akan shi kuma ku lura cewa kadan daga yankin da ke kewaye hannunku zai iya gani yanzu.
Wannan sakamako yana faruwa tare da tabarau na kamara.
- Wannan sakamako, tare da haɓaka masu girma, yana haifar da zurfin zurfin filayen da aka gani a macro daukar hoto.
- Har ila yau, ya sa manyan zurfin filin a wurare masu yawa da yawa zasu iya yiwuwa yayin amfani da ruwan tabarau mai girman ƙira.
05 na 05
Dubi Tsarin Ninkin filin Domin Kai
Yana da sauƙin yin gwaji don haka za ku iya sanin yadda za a sarrafa zurfin filin sannan ku sami kallo don tasirin ku a hotunanku. Don yin haka, yana da kyau a yi amfani da tafiya kamar yadda saurin gudu zai bambanta.
- Saita kyamararka a kan jagora ko wuri mai fifiko na budewa kuma kada ku canza mahimmancin girman ruwan tabarau.
- Tallafa kan batun ka kuma saita kyamara a mafi ƙanƙantacciyar f-tsayawa (misali, f / 3.5). Ɗauki hoto.
- Ba tare da motsa kamara ba ko maimaita mayar da hankali, saita kyamara don tsaka-tsaki na tsaka-tsaki (misali, f / 5.6 ko f / 8). Ɗauki hoto.
- Bugu da ƙari, ba tare da motsa kamara ko mayar da hankali ba, saita kyamarar don mafi yawan ƙarancin yiwuwa (misali, f / 11 ko f / 16). Ɗauki hoto.
Yi la'akari da hotunan hotunan guda uku gefe kuma ku lura da yadda ƙarin yanayin ya fara zama da hankali yayin da kuke rage girman bude bude (yin amfani da f-stop mai girma). Bugu da ƙari, lura cewa ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa naka sun jinkirta tare da waɗannan ƙananan hanyoyi masu girma.
Lura: Wasu ruwan tabarau na kamara zasu kasance ƙananan ƙarami kuma sun fi girma fiye da misalai da aka ba. Yi amfani da mafi ƙanƙanci da mafi yawan samuwa a kan ruwan tabarau don samun cikakken tasirin zurfin filin.
Ƙara zurfin kula da filin a cikin Dokar Kullum
Yi wannan sabon ilmi tare da ku kuma la'akari da shi a kowane hoton da kuke ɗauka. Zai ba ku iko mafi girma daga hotunanku kuma za'a iya amfani da su don abubuwa masu yawa.
Masu daukan hoto zasuyi amfani da zurfin filin don amfani da su a wasu yanayi:
- Masu daukan hoto na sararin samaniya sukan yi amfani da manyan f-tsayawa don ƙara zurfin filin a wani wuri.
- Masu daukan hotuna suna amfani da ƙananan hanyoyi masu yawa don rage zurfin filin a wani wuri, suna mai da hankali ga mai kallo akan idanu da fuska. Yi la'akari da cewa tare da ƙungiyoyi masu yawa, kuna buƙatar zurfin filin da za su sami kowane mutum da ke mayar da hankali.
- Masu daukar hoto suna amfani da ƙananan hanyoyi masu yawa don rage zurfin filin kuma su ba da damar mayar da hankali ga masu wasa da dama yayin da suke kullun baya. Hakanan yana taimakawa rage ƙwanƙwasa kari don hana aikin azumi.