Yadda za a Sarrafa Kuskuren Magoya

01 na 06

Shirye-shiryen Gudun Gyara

Gyara gudu yana daya daga cikin manyan ayyuka na haske guda uku na kyamara. Bugawa, gudunmawar fim (ko ISO), da kuma gudun gudu yana aiki tare don daidaita yawan haske da ya kalli fim ko na'urar firikwensin na dijital. Wadannan abubuwa suna sarrafa ɗaukan hotuna na hotonka .

Menene Shutter Speed?

Gudun hanzari yana sarrafa adadin lokacin da fim ɗinku, ko na'urar firikwensin lantarki, ke bayyanawa zuwa haske.

A sakamakon haka, mai rufe yana ƙayyade ainihin hoto da aka kama akan fim dinku. Mai rufe shi ne karamin takardar filastik ko labule wanda ya buɗe kuma ya rufe don ba da damar haske a kan fim ko hana haske don isa fim.

An bude rufe yayin da kake latsa maɓallin rufewa a kyamara don ɗaukar hoto. Tsarin jirgin yana ƙayyade tsawon lokacin da mai rufe ya kasance a bude.

Muryar mai rufewa

A cikin kyamarori tare da masu kallo na TTL (ta hanyar Lens), maɓallin sakin rufewa yana motsa madubi daga hanyar fim din kuma rufe labule. Wannan motsi ne na labulen rufewa da kuma madubi wanda ya ba da hotunan ta "sauti" sauti.

Yayin da ka saba da kyamara ka da gudu gudu za ka fara lura da bambanci a cikin sauti na "danna" bisa ga gudun mai rufewa. Alal misali, gudunmawar sauri na 1/125 na biyu yana da sauri sosai, kusan kamar tsinkayen kumburi. Rigar sauri, idan an ce 1/15 na biyu, yana da jinkirin kuma yana iya zama kamar "lakaran laka."

Bayan lokaci, zaku iya gaya game da yadda yawan gudunmawar kyamara a cikin dakin ke amfani da shi kawai ta sauti mai rufewa.

02 na 06

Daidaita Shinge Speed

Da zarar ka fahimci yadda shinge yana aiki, kana buƙatar sanin yadda za'a auna shi. Lambobin da kuke gani a kan bugun kiranku na kamara ko bambanci sun bambanta da gudunmawar ainihin ɗaukar hoto. Wannan darasi zai bayyana abin da lambobi ke nufi.

Ƙarin fahimtar ɗaukar hoto a kan kyamararka

Daidaita gudun gudu yana da sauki. Yawancin sauri ana auna shi a ɓangarori na biyu.

• Tsarin gudu na "5000" na nufin cewa mai rufe zai bude don 1 / 5000th na na biyu.
• Saurin gudu na 1 na biyu kuma ya fi tsayi suna alama tare da ', ko alama irin wannan, bayan lambar. Wannan yana nufin cewa 16 'a cikin hotunan kyamararku na tsawon kwanaki 16.
• Harafin "B" ana amfani dashi don nuna alamar "bulb". Wannan yana nufin cewa mai rufewa zai kasance a bude don idan dai kun riƙe alamar sakin rufewa.

Slow Shutter samfuri

Tsarin gudu yana dauke da "tsawon" ko "jinkirin" lokacin da yayi hankali fiye da 1/60 na na biyu. (Ka tuna, ana nuna wannan a matsayin 60 a kan bugun kiran ka.

• Wannan adadin ya zo ne daga gaskiyar cewa mafi yawan mutane zasu iya riƙe gashin tabarau (tsakanin 35mm da 70mm) kwalliya don 1/60 na biyu ko žasa.
• Idan an dauki hoton da aka ɗauka a cikin hotuna fiye da 1/60, za a yi kamara da kyamara kuma hoton zai zama damuwa.
• Wannan ya bambanta da kalmar da ake amfani da ita "tsawon lokaci" wanda yake nufin saurin gudu na fiye da 1 na biyu.

Fast Shutter samfuri

Ana ɗaukar saurin gudu da sauri azumi masu rufe suna gudu fiye da 1 / 500th na biyu.

• Ana amfani da ƙananan ƙuƙwalwar don daskare, ko dakatar, motsi ga hoto mai haske lokacin da zazzage batutuwa masu sauri.

Ƙa'idar Dokar Tafin hannu-Rike Kamara

Ɗaukar hotuna ba tare da tafiya ba ne mai dacewa, mun kira wannan daukar hoto mai ɗaukar hoto. Duk da haka, ya fi tsayi ruwan tabarau shine, sauri sauri gudun gudu ɗinka ya kamata ya kasance don kauce wa rawar kamara da kuma hotuna.

Kyakkyawan tsarin yatsan hannu na sanin ƙwanƙwasa gudu da sauri wanda zaka iya amfani dashi tare da ruwan tabarau daya shine amfani da lambar girman ruwan tabarau. Alal misali, ruwan tabarau 300mm za a iya kasancewa a hannu a lokacin gudu na 1 / 300th na biyu da sauri.

Ka lura cewa gudunmawar gudu mafi kyawun ba za ta kasance ƙasa da 1/60 na na biyu ba tare da taimakon hotunan hoto daga kamara ko ruwan tabarau ba.

03 na 06

Yadda za a saita Speed ​​Speed

Yanzu da ka gane abin da gudun rufewa yake da kuma yadda za a auna shi, kana buƙatar koyon yadda za'a saita gudun gudu. Kowace kyamara ya bambanta dan kadan, amma wannan zai ba ka ra'ayi na abin da zaka nema.

Yadda za a saita Speed ​​Speed

Yadda za a saita gudun gudu yana da masaniya tsakanin masu daukar hoto kuma tsarin shine ainihin sauqi. An saita gudun gudu a kan kyamarori ta hanyar juya bugun kira akan jikin kyamara.

• A cikin tsofaffi, cikakkun kyamarori masu kamala, wannan bugun kira ne a kan saman jikin kyamarar da aka alama tare da lambobin da suka kasance daga 1 zuwa kusan 5000.
• A cikin sababbin kyamarori, ana iya nuna gudunmawar rufewa a kan allo na LCD yayin da mai daukar hoto ya juya karamin motar kusa da maɓallin shinge don gyara tsarin.

Hanya daidai na dabaran zai bambanta daga kamara zuwa kyamara. Duba ta hanyar jagorancin jagorancin kamara da kuma fahimtar kanka da wannan iko.

A kan hotuna masu mahimmanci da-shoot, akwai yiwuwar ba su da iko don zaɓi ƙayyadadden ƙuƙumi. Maimakon haka, ƙila ka buƙaci fahimtar hanyoyin da aka tsara na kyamararka don samun saurin rufewar da kake so.

Yawancin kyamarori SLR da DSLR suna da waɗannan nauyin halayen da aka tsara da kuma wasu ƙarin hanyoyi don daidaitawa-kunna iko mai ɗaukar hoto.

04 na 06

Shutter Speed ​​a cikin Yanke Saitunan Kamara

Kusan duk kyamarori na atomatik a yau suna da wasu nau'i-nau'i na rigakafi ko shirye-shiryen ƙaddamarwa. Wadannan an tsara su ne don takamaiman yanayi irin su aikin, shimfidar wurare, da hotuna. Hanyoyin saurin gudu suna bambanta a cikin kowane ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyi.

Yanayin Yanayin

Yanayin aiki shi ne wuri na atomatik wanda aka yi amfani da kyamarar don amfani da sauri mafi girman rufe don yanayin lamarin.

• A cikin wannan yanayin, baza ka iya saita gudun gudunmawar da kake so ba.
• Kuna iya, duk da haka, rage rashin damar da kake samu na hoto mai zurfi saboda jinkirin gudu cikin sauri ta amfani da wannan yanayin.

Yanayin sararin samaniya

Yanayin sararin samaniya yana da ƙananan kishiyar Action Mode. An tsara filin sararin samaniya don bada ƙananan budewa (mafi yawan f / tsaya) don tabbatar da zurfin filin .

• Ƙarin f / tsayawa mai mahimmanci yana nufin cewa gudun gudu zai kasance da hankali.
• Idan kyamararka ba ta bada izinin hanyar Manuel ko Yanayin TV kuma kana so ka harba wani dare ko ɓoye motsi tayi, gwada tsarin shimfidar wuri.

Yanayin dare

Yanayin dare yana wuce mataki fiye da yanayin yanayin wuri. Ba wai kawai ya fi son saurin gudu ba, zai kuma kashe wuta kuma ya kafa mafi kuskure ISO zai yiwu.

• A sakamakon haka, gudun gudu naka zai iya kasancewa kawai a hankali saboda gudunmawar fim ɗin sauri yana rage adadin haske da ake bukata don nuna hoton.

Yanayin hoto

Yanayin hoto yana da ƙyama lokacin da ake rubutu gudun gudu. An tsara shi don samun zurfin zurfin filin (babban bude / kananan f / tsayawa) kuma amfani da ƙananan ISO don jefa tushen baya daga mayar da hankali kuma samun samfurin fim mai kyau (ko pixelization).

• Saboda wannan, gudun gudu zai kasance da sauri saboda saitin budewa.
• Duk da haka, saboda kamara yana amfani da hankali mai kyau ISO, zaku rasa kowane amfani mai amfani da sauri.

05 na 06

Gudun hanzari a Tsarin Saitunan Ɗaukaka Saiti

Baya ga tsarin da aka tsara ta hanyar kamara, gudun gudu yana da mahimmanci a cikin tsarin da aka tsara na kamara da aka tsara. Waɗannan su ne da farko samuwa a kan SLR da DSLR kyamarori.

Hanyar Jagora

An saita alamar littafi tare da "M" a kan sababbin kyamara kuma yana, a sakamakon haka, kawai saiti akan kyamarori masu kamala. Hanyar jagora yana nufin cewa kayi cikakken kula da saitunan kamara.

• Idan ka saita gudun hijira yayin da ke cikin yanayin M, zaka buƙaci yin gyare-gyare zuwa bude don kiyaye daidaitattun ɗaukar hoto.
• Yi amfani da ma'aunin haske na kyamararka don tabbatar da dabi'un da suke cikin daidaituwa.

Yanayin Matsayi na Farko

Saiti a kan kyamararka alama "Tv" ana kiransa Tsarin Farko. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan kun yi amfani da yanayin Tv da kuma saita gudunrrawa, kyamara za ta daidaita darajar ku don kula da ƙwaƙwalwa mai kyau.

• Yi amfani da wannan wuri lokacin da ka san gudun gudu da kake so amma ba damuwa ba game da budewa.
• Sabanin haka, Yanayin Farko na Farfaɗa (alama "Av") ya ba ka dama ka zaba budewa kuma kamara zai saita gudunrrawa daidai.

Yanayin Shirin

Yanayin shirin yana alama ta "P" akan kyamarori da ke da wannan zaɓi. A yanayin shirin, kyamararka tana karɓar wasu yanayi waɗanda aka tsara ta cikin menu.

• Kullum, wannan yanayin ya baka damar saita ko dai gudun hijira ko budewa yayin da kyamara ta daidaita wani wuri don kulawa da dacewa.

06 na 06

Lokacin da za a yi Amfani da Maɗaukaki Masu Mahimmanci

Wasu masu sintiri suna gudu suna aiki fiye da wasu a wasu yanayi. Yayin da kake koyo game da daukar hoto, wannan ilimin zai zama yanayi na biyu, musamman idan ka yi aiki da gwaji. A yanzu, wasu jagororin zasu taimaka.

Shutta Speed ​​Ana buƙatar Tsayar da Motion

Tsaran da aka tsara sune gudu gaggawa ya zama dole don daskare aikin a yanayin al'ada.

• Idan kana so ka damu da aikin, rage gudun gudu.
• Don daidaitawa don halin da ake ciki sosai, ƙara yawan gudu.

Don Allah a tuna cewa saboda akwai sauye-sauye daban-daban na haske, babu gudunmawar rufewa a kowane hali. Wadannan ana nufin su ne farkon abubuwa don kuyi aiki tare da.

Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci mu tuna cewa sauye-sauyen waɗannan yanayi ya canza. Alal misali, babban dan wasan kwallon kafa na wasan zinare zai jefa fiye da dan wasan kwallon kafa na tsakiya.

Ice Skating

• Jumps - 1/250
• Open Spins - 1/350
• Tight Spins - 1/500

Baseball da Softball

• Ball Ball ya daidaita da mai daukar hotuna - 1/1000 (1/500 for blur)
• Zuwan Zuwan Baƙi a Daukar Hotuna - 1/500
• Yan wasan suna kama da Ball - 1/350
• Jigogi masu gudana - 1/350 (dangane da kwana zuwa kamara)
• Masu wasa suna shirya don jefa Ball - 1/350

Wasanni

• Yan wasa Masu Gidan Hoto - 1/250
• Yan wasan da ke gudana a kallon hoto - 1/500
• Tsare-tsaren da ake da shi - 1/250

Kids Running

• Zuwa Kyamara - 1/180
• Daidaici zuwa Kamara - 1/250

Mutane Jumping

• Unassisted - 1/350
• Trampoline ko tare da wasu taimaka - 1/500

Golf

• Golf Bukukuwa Daidai ne zuwa Daukar hoto - 1/3200
• Gudun Gudun Gudun Hijira Daida Daidai ga Mai Daukar hoto - 1/2500

Ruwa

• Waves - 1/350
• Fasawa daga Ɗaukin Ƙafa - 1/1500