Ta yaya Canjin Canji na Canjin ƙasa ya yi

Yayin da kiln yana firgitawa da sanyayawa, canje-canje a cikin zazzabi yana yin wasu canje-canje a cikin yumbu . Yumbu ya fita daga wannan laushi, abu mai mahimmanci ga wanda shine dutsen-wuya, rashin ruwa, iska, da lokaci. Wannan canjin yana kusa da mahimmanci a cikin cikakkiyar ƙaddamar da samfurori kuma za'a iya ɗauka idan ba haka ba ne.

• 01 na 08

  Mataki na farko: Girma mai nisa

  Lokacin da aka sanya tukunya a cikin kiln, kusan kusan kashi kashi ne. Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai ruwa da aka kama a cikin sarari tsakanin sassan yumbu.

  Yayinda yumbu ya ragu sosai, wannan ruwa ya kwashe daga yumbu. Idan yumbu ya yi zafi sosai, ruwan zai juya zuwa tururi a cikin jikin yumbu, yadawa tare da tashe-tashen hankula akan tukunya.

  A lokacin da aka samo ruwa mai zurfi (212,99F da 100 ° C a matakin tekun), ruwan ya kamata a kwashe shi daga cikin jiki . Wannan zai haifar da yaduwar yumbu da wasu ƙananan shrinkage. Don ƙarin bayani game da shrinkage, karanta Abin da yasa Clay Bodies Gashi.

  Don ganin hoto na abin da ke faruwa a laka a cikin kiln, danna "Duba Girma" a ƙarƙashin hoton hoto.

• 02 na 08

  Sashe na biyu: Gashin Cutar da Carbon da Sulfur

  Duk jikin jiki yana dauke da wasu ma'aunin carbon, kayan abinci, da sulfur. Duk waɗannan sun ƙone a tsakanin 572 da kuma 1470 DFF (300 da 800) C. Idan saboda wasu dalili (kamar rashin iska mai raunin ciki a cikin kiln) waɗannan ba zasu iya ƙonewa daga jikin yumbu ba, carbon coring zai faru, yana raunana jiki da yawa.

• 03 na 08

  Stage Na uku: Haɗakar Ruwan Ruwa Tare da Haɗin Kyau

  Za'a iya kwatanta layi kamar kasancewa kwayoyin alumina da kwayoyin guda biyu na silica da aka haɗu tare da kwayoyin ruwa guda biyu. Ko da bayan ruwan sama ya tafi, yumbu yana dauke da kashi 14 cikin 100 na ruwa mai haɗari da nauyi. Jirgin zai kasance mai haske, amma ba tare da yin shrinkage ba.

  Wannan haɗin haɗuwa da ruwa yana haɓaka lokacin da mai tsanani. Ana sauke carbon da sulfur, ruwan da ke haɗuwa da shi ya rabu da jiki daga sassan lãka tsakanin 660 da kuma 1470 ®F (350 da 800). Idan ruwa yana da zafi sosai, zai sake haifar da fashewa daga tururi a jikin yumbu. Yana da duk waɗannan canje-canje kuma mafi mahimmanci cewa tsarin yin fashewa ya bada izini don jinkirin ƙarfafa zafi.

• 04 na 08

  Matsayi na hudu: Maɗaukaki Kwayar yana faruwa

  Potters kira shi silica, amma silica oxide kuma da aka sani da ma'adini. Quartz yana da tsari mai tsabta wanda yake canzawa a yanayin zafi. Wadannan canje-canje ana san su kamar inversions. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan canji yana faruwa a 1060 kgF (573 ° C).

  Canje-canje a tsarin tsarin crystalline zai haifar da tukunyar tukunyar ƙarfe da 2% yayin da zafin jiki, kuma ya rasa wannan 2% yayin da yake sanyaya. Ware ba shi da nakasa a lokacin da aka yi watsi da wannan ma'adini kuma dole ne a tashe shi da zafi (kuma daga bisani ya sake sanyaya) a hankali ta hanyar canji.

• 05 na 08

  Sashe na biyar: Yin fashewa

  Kafin gurasar gilashin da za a fara narkewa, ƙwayoyin yumbu sun riga sun haɗa juna. Tun daga kimanin 1650,99F (900⁰C) ƙwayoyin yumbura fara farawa. Wannan tsari na cimentation ana kiransa fatar jiki. Bayan da tukunyar ya warwatse, ba shine yumbu ba amma ya zama kayan yumbu.

  An yi amfani da harbe-harben Biski a kusan kimanin 1730,99F (945 ° C), bayan da manya ya gurɓata amma har yanzu yana da laushi amma ba a sake tace ba. Wannan yana ba da damar rigar, raw glazes don bi da tukunya ba tare da shi disintegrating.

• 06 na 08

  Sashi na shida: Gwaninta da Balaga

  Tsakanin jiki mai yumbu shine daidaituwa a tsakanin canza jiki ta jikin jiki don kawo wuya da damuwa, da kuma kayan shayarwa da yawa da cewa wanda ya fara amfani da shi ya fara lalatawa, raguwa, ko ko da maɗaura a kan abin da ke cikin kwalliya.

  Gyara kayan aiki shi ne tsari mai sauƙi a yayin da kayan da suke narkewa da sauƙi sunyi haka, narkewa da kuma cikawa a cikin sarari a tsakanin karin kwayoyin kwakwalwa. Ayyukan da suka narke suna inganta karawa, da kuma karawa da ƙarfafa jikin yumbu.

  Har ila yau, a lokacin wannan matakan da aka kafa aluminum (silicate). Wadannan suna da dogaye, kamar lu'u-lu'u kamar gwangwadon da suke aiki a matsayin bindigogi, ƙulla da ƙarfafa jikin yumbu har ma da kara.

• 07 na 08

  Tsuntsauran Yankewa

  Zazzafar zafin jiki a yumbu don yin babban banbanci. Wata yumɓu da aka yi a wani zafin jiki zai iya zama taushi da haushi, yayin da wannan yumbu ya yayata a yanayin da zazzabi zai iya zama da wuya kuma marar amfani.

  Har ila yau mahimmanci ne a lura cewa bambancin launuka suna girma a yanayi daban-daban, dangane da abun da suke ciki. Gumshi mai ja yana ƙunshe da baƙin ƙarfe mai yawa wanda yake aiki a matsayin haɗari. Wata yumbu mai yumɓu zai iya ƙone zuwa balagagge a kimanin 1830,99F (1000 ° C) kuma zai iya narke a 2280DRF (1250⁰C). A wani ɓangaren kuma, jikin jiki wanda aka yi na kaolin mai tsarki bazai girma ba har sai kimanin 2500DDD (1390 ° C) kuma ba ta narke ba har sai fiye da 3270 kgF (ran 1800).

• 08 na 08

  A lokacin Cooling

  Akwai wani abin da yumbu ya wuce, wannan lokacin yayin da yake sanyayawa. Wannan shine kwatsam na cristobalite, silrist crystaline, yayin da yake sanye da 420MBF (220 ° C). Cristobalite yana samuwa a cikin dukkanin sassan jiki, saboda haka kulawa dole ne a dauki shi don kwantar da hankali a hankali yayin da yake motsawa ta wannan yanayin zafi. In ba haka ba, tukwane za su ci gaba da fasa.