Tarihin Lincoln Penny

Victor David Brenner ya kirkiro Amurka Lincoln din din din kuma ya sanya sunayen farko na "VDB" a baya na wannan kuɗin da aka auna. Ya fara shiga wurare dabam dabam a shekara ta 1909. Ya jimre tare da irin wannan nau'in kullin tun daga lokacin, yana maida shi mafi yawan tsabar kudi a tarihin Amurka, da kuma sanya shi a cikin mafi yawan tsabar kuɗin tsabar kudi a tarihin tsabtace duniya. Tsarin da aka yi a kan Lincoln Cent ya canza a farkon shekarar 1959, daga "kunnuwan alkama" zuwa Lincoln Memorial design.

Bugu da ƙari, Mintinar Amurka ta sauya nauyin ƙwayar ƙarfin din din din sau da yawa. Tarihin Lincoln Cent na cike da cikakken bayani!

Lincoln Cents - Kafin farkon

Ƙungiyar Lincoln ba za ta taba faruwa ba, idan ba a yi wa shugaban Amurka mai girman kai da sunan Theodore Roosevelt ba, da kuma mutuwar mai girma mai kayatarwa. Roosevelt yana da idanu na fasaha kuma yana jin cewa tsabar kudi na Amurka ba ta da wata mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da ƙasashen Turai na zamani. Sanarwarsa tare da masanin tarihi mai suna Augustus Saint-Gaudens ya karfafa wannan imani, kuma nan da nan Roosevelt ya umarci Saint-Gaudens da ya fara sake fadin duk tsabar kudi na Amurka. Abin baƙin ciki shine, Saint-Gaudens ya mutu kafin ya gama aikinsa, ko kuma muna iya samun 'yan kuɗi na Saint-Gaudens, watakila tare da shugaban Liberty mai kula da laurel, ko watakila wata mikiya mai daraja ta hau kan dutse.

Ƙarin Lincoln Penny ya Kashe wani Taboo na Amurka

An yi la'akari da shi a Amurka don sanya hoton mutum mai rai, ko rayayye ko matattu, a kan tsabar kuɗi . A hakikanin gaskiya, "mutum" kawai wanda ya taba fitowa a cikin Amurka da ke kewaye da ita shi ne mace mai suna "Miss Liberty". Duk da haka, kashe shugaban Ibrahim Lincoln ya riga ya kasance wani gunki mai daraja a cikin karni na ashirin, kuma a yayin da Roosevelt ya ga tagulla na tagulla na Dauda David Brenner na Lincoln, an haifi ra'ayin nan na Lincoln akan din din din din Amurka .

A Allah Mun Amince - Wani Lincoln Cent Afterthought?

Shirin tsari na Lincoln din din yana da kalubale a lokuta ga ma'aikatan Mint na Amurka da Brenner mai suna Brenner. Mint Chief Engraver, Charles Barber, ya daina yin aiki tare da masu fasahar waje don dalilai daban-daban. Tun da Brenner ya tsara zinare kawai ba tare da wani tsabar kudin da aka tsara don samar da taro ba, ana buƙatar sake dubawa da zane kafin kowa ya gamsu da sakamakon. Brenner yana son kyautar tsabar kudi, amma Barber yana buƙatar wani zane mai zartarwa wanda ba zai iya fitar da tsabar kudin din ba tukuna, amma har yanzu yana ci gaba sosai a bangarori biyu na tsabar.

A ƙarshe, an yanke shawarar rage kashin Lustoln ta haka kuma ta cire wani yanki a ƙarƙashin kafadu don ganin fuskar Lincoln ta kasance a tsakiyar tsakiyar tsabar. Wannan canji ya haifar da adadin sarari a saman tsabar tsabar kudin.

A cewar masanin kimiyyar Lincoln Century David W. Lange, a cikin littafinsa mafi kyau "The Complete Guide to Lincoln Cents", mai yiwuwa Frank A. Leach, mai kula da ƙwararren Amurka, yana da mahimmanci a cikin Allah Dogaro ta kara da cewa don daidaita ma'auni a kan kullin tsabar kudin. Babu wani doka da ake buƙata a lokacin da wannan motsi ya bayyana a kan karamin ƙarancin, don haka ƙara da shi zuwa din din din yana da cikakkiyar ma'ana.

An ƙaddara Snoln Pennies a ƙarshe

Babban jama'a na tsammanin sakin sabon Lincoln pennies. Wannan fitowar ta fito ta sami adadi mai kyau, kuma tare da tare da jinkirin jinkiri a samar da maigidan ya mutu; wani jarumi mai jiran aiki yana jiran sabon dinari . Ya kamata jama'a su jira dan lokaci fiye da yadda ya cancanta, duk da haka, kamar yadda ma'aikatan Mint ba su so su saki wani sabon albashi sai dai idan sun gamsar da bukatun jama'a. Saboda haka, Mint ya kashe fiye da fam miliyan 25 kafin ya sake satar kuɗin a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 1909.

Da farko, rahotanni sun kasance masu ban sha'awa. Kowane mutum yana son sabon tsabar kudin , kuma mutane sun yi murna don ganin ƙaunataccen Ibrahim Lincoln wanda aka girmama a irin wannan salon. Duk da haka, a bayan al'amuran, tsutsa yana tayarwa akan hada Brenner a kan ɗayan tsabar kudin.

Ƙarƙashin Aiki akan VDB Lincoln Cents

Sakataren Sakataren a lokacin shine wani mutum mai suna Franklin MacVeagh. Ga wasu dalilai da ba a bayyana a cikin takardun tarihi ba, sai ya ɗauki ƙwaƙwalwar Brenner ta farko (VDB) wanda ya nuna a baya, duk da cewa ya riga ya yarda da zane a baya. Ko da yake babu wata hujja, hasashe yana nuna cewa Mint Cif Engraver Charles Barber ya ƙi kasancewa da aka ba shi damar girmama wannan zane. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ya kwarewa wajen yin aiki tare da masu fasahar waje, wannan kuma zai damu da shi ya kafa shi sannan ya ba da Brenner damar amfani da saiti uku a kan tsabar kudin.

Bisa ga wannan ka'idar, Barber ya karfafa Brenner ya ba da damar sanya takardunsa a cikin manyan haruffa a baya sannan kuma ya bi baya bayan Brenner ya sa Brenner ya zama banza da kuma fahimtar ta hada haruffa. Duk abin da gaskiya, gaskiya ce ta tabbata cewa Barber ya kasance mai ƙyama ga barin Brenner ta hanyar yin amfani da alama mafi mahimmanci, irin su "B" na farko wanda ya fi dacewa da yarda a lokacin.

Duk dalilin da ya sa, Sakatare MacVeagh ya yanke shawara a fili cewa VDB yana da daraja, kuma ya bukaci cire shi. A cewar Lange, Barber zai iya saurin haɓaka zuwa asusun Lincoln, inda suka ƙare. Ƙaddamar da ƙwarewa zai kasance daidai da bukatun MacVeagh da aikin karɓa. Amma Barber yayi ikirarin cewa yana da matukar wuyar yin haka. An yi ikirarin cewa Barber ya daina taƙarin adadin farko zuwa asusun Lincoln a 1918 ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwar Barber. A lokacin, duk da haka, an yanke shawarar cewa mafi kyau kuma mafi mahimmanci bayani shi ne ya cire VDB gaba ɗaya.

Cikakken VDB Lincoln Cent 1909

Ma'aikata a Mint cire VDB daga tsabar kudin ta mutu da sauri saboda jama'a suna tayarwa ga sabon Lincoln pennies. Mint ya dakatar da sabon din din din din din har sai an cire Brenner.

Sakataren Sakataren Franklin MacVeagh ya yi shawara mai ban sha'awa don barin jama'a a kan canji mai zuwa a cikin sabon dinari, kuma sakamakon da aka gano shi ne cewa mutane sun fara tayar da Lincoln Cent. Wannan shinge na alamomi ya kara tsananta wadatar da aka samu a yanzu.

Rumors fara siffanta cewa gwamnati tana tunawa da albashi tare da maɓallin VDB a baya. Kafofin yada labarai sun nuna rashin lafiya Victor David Brenner kamar girman kai da banza, ko da yake shi ne Mint Chief Engraver Charles Barber wanda ya ƙayyade girman da kuma sanya waɗannan asali!

An Bayyana Kwayoyin Lincoln na farko

Ranar 12 ga Agusta, 1909, masu fasaha a Mint suka shirya sabon saiti na tsabar kudin aiki ba tare da VDB akan su ba. Sabuwar batu na albashin nan da nan ya biyo baya, samar da sabbin magunguna na farko na jerin Lincoln Cent . Ya kamata a lura da cewa akwai nau'o'in nau'o'i guda shida na Amurka waɗanda aka ba su a 1909:

• Asalin Indiya - 1909 (mintage: 14.4 miliyan)
• Asalin Indiya - 1909-S (mintage: 309,000)
• Lincoln Wheat Cent - 1909 VDB (mintage: miliyan 28)
• Lincoln Wheat Cent - 1909-S VDB (mintage: 484 dubu)
• Lincoln Wheat Cent - 1909 (mintage: miliyan 73)
• Lincoln Wheat Cent - 1909-S (mintage: 1.8 miliyan)

Ko da yake akwai wasu ƙananan nau'ukan iri iri a cikin shekaru daban-daban 1909 Lincoln ya yi nisa, VDB ya fi sananne sosai.

A 1918, masu fasaha a Mint sun sake dawo da asusun VDB zuwa tsabar kudin, inda har yanzu yake. Ana samo su a gindin Lustoln, a cikin ƙananan haruffan haruffa a kan ɓangaren tsutsa da kusurwoyin ƙasa kusa da kasa.

Wartime Lincoln Cents

Babban abin da ke gaba a cikin Lincoln Cent saga shi ne canji na sassan tsabar kudi da aka yi a 1942 da 1943. Amurka tana fada a cikin yakin duniya na biyu, yana fuskantar abokan gaba a kan manyan manyan kasashe biyu (Japan da Turai) kuma gwamnati ta yanke shawarar cewa tana bukatar dukan jan karfe da kuma tin da shi zai iya samun hannunsa don yin bindigogi don yakin basasa. A shekara ta 1942, Mint ta Amurka ya ɗauki nauyin zane ne daga cikin ƙwayar mota, wadda ta canza fasaha daga tagulla zuwa tagulla. Saboda Mint yana da wadataccen raƙuman tsararren tagulla (rigar tagulla) da aka shirya, sun sanya Lincoln pennies na 1942 daga duka allo.

Lincoln Cents Babu wanda ake so

Bayan marigayi 1942, halin da ya faru ya zama wanda ya isa ya yanke shawarar cire duk jan karfe daga Lincoln Cents a farkon 1943. Bayan wasu gwaje-gwajen gaggawa, Mint ta Amurka ta yanke shawarar yin asali daga wani nau'i mai mahimmanci wanda ke kunshe da karfe mai rufi Layer na tutiya. Wannan canjin ya haifar da dinari na azurfa wanda sauƙin rikicewa da dime lokacin sabon, kuma wannan ya zama wani sashi na takunkumi sau ɗaya bayan murfin zinc. Bugu da ƙari kuma, alamun ba su da amfani a cikin yawancin na'urorin sayar da na'urori saboda fasaha na yaudarar wannan lokaci sun ga sinadarin fatar jiki kamar slugs!

Sannun sana'o'i ba su da shahararren, kuma a 1944 an tilasta Mint ya fara ci gaba da yin shinge na fata, wartime ko a'a. Gwamnati ta musanta cewa zai tuna da ƙananan ƙirar da ake tsammani ya hana ƙananan rashi da kuma hoarding. Bayan yakin, ma'aikatar Ma'aikatar ta ba da umarni ga bankuna don cire sassan ƙananan zirga-zirga daga wurare dabam dabam duk lokacin da suka magance su. Akwai labaru daban-daban game da kyakkyawan tsari na nauyin miliyon 68 da aka karɓa. Ɗaya daga cikin labarin shine gwamnati ta zuba su duka a cikin tekun Pacific, amma asusun da ya fi amintacce sun nuna cewa an narke su a ginin Mint.

Lincoln Pennies Anyi Daga Tsarkayyar Giragula

Daya daga cikin tarihin Lincoln da ya fi ƙarfin hali shine dukkanin suturar da aka yi da su daga harsunan da aka rurrushe, da gashin bindigogi da sauran kayan binciken soja. Kodayake gaskiya ne cewa sojojin Amurka sun kafa manufofi don sake farfado da kayan kwaskwarima da kuma kare wasu ma'adanai da zubar da ciki, dalilan da yafi yiwuwa sun fi dacewa da kiyaye duk abincin da ba su da ƙarfin kayan aiki ba tare da damuwa game da abin da ake ciki ba. Duk da haka, wasu sun kashe kwaskwarima a ƙarshe sun shiga hanyar Mint, wanda ya taimakawa kayan aikin tagulla da aka yi amfani da Lincoln Cents a 1944 zuwa 1946. A shekara ta 1947, Lincoln Cent ta sake komawa da tagulla wanda aka yi amfani da shi kafin yakin.

A 1955 Doubled Die Lincoln Cents

Babu tarihin Lincoln Cent zai zama cikakke ba tare da ambaci sanannun sanadiyyar 1955 Doubled Die Penny ba . Wannan kuskuren zane-zane mai ban mamaki shine sakamakon wani tsabar kudin da ake kashewa don samun ra'ayoyi guda biyu da aka raba a ciki. Sakamakon haka shine Mintintint ta sanya kimanin 20,000 zuwa 24,000 tsabar kudi tare da tsinkaya. Babban abin da ya faru a tarihin binciken da aka samu a shekarar 1955 ya ninka shi ne cewa Mintine na Amurka ya sami kuskure kafin tsabar kudi ta bar Mint, amma ya yanke shawarar barin su, duk da haka, ba wanda zai iya lura!

Cibiyar Lincoln ta Mutuwa ta 1955 ta zama wani juyi a cikin ƙididdigar Amurka. Dangane da babbar sanarwar kuskuren da aka karɓa, mutane da yawa fiye da yadda suka fara amfani da karɓar tsabar kudi, da kuma sha'awar neman iri iri sun koma cikin al'ada.

Ƙungiyar Lincoln tana da Sabuwar Gyara

Yayinda shekarun 50 na Lincoln Cent suka isa wanda ya dace da la'anar Lincoln ta haihuwa, Mintin Amurka ya ba da izini ga ƙwaƙwalwa mai yawa kuma ya kirkiro sabon zane. A shekara ta 1959, Frank Gasparro ya maye gurbin "Lincoln Wheat Ears" tare da fasalin Lincoln Memorial. Babban dalili na wannan canji shine cewa mutane suna fama da rashin jin daɗi na Wheat Reverse yayin da ta kai kimanin shekaru 50. An gabatar da shawarwari daban-daban don sabon nau'i na baya, ciki har da nuna alamar gidan da Lincoln ya haifa. A ƙarshe, an za ~ e gidan Gidan Lincoln Memorial mai ban mamaki, tare da kwanan wata kwanan wata wanda ya nuna ranar cika shekaru 150 na haihuwar Lincoln: Fabrairu 12, 1959.

Kamar yadda batun yake da kusan dukkanin nau'ukan nau'un tsabar kudin tsabar farko, mutane sun cece su a matsayi na mint a cikin manyan lambobi, suna yin Lincoln Memorial a shekarar 1959 a cikin tsabar kudi mai sauƙi a cikin matsayi mafi girma. Yawanci, yawancin nau'i na sabon nau'i na nau'i na sabon nau'in ba shi da kulawa da kowa sai dai al'umma ta tattara, amma wannan ba haka ba ne da 1960 Lincoln Memorial Cents.

Ranar Lincoln ta tunawa da shekarun 1960 da ƙananan ƙananan

Kodayake shekarun da aka yi a shekarar 1960 da ƙananan kwanan wata ba su da wani wuri a kusa da nau'o'in tarurruka wanda 1955 Doubled Die penny ne, jama'a sun lura da canji a girman kwanan wata. Canjin ya faru a farkon samar da daruruwan 1960. A bayyane yake, Mint yana fama da matsala tare da lambobi na kwanan wata da aka kashe a kan tsabar kudin. Wannan matsala ta kasance matsala sosai a kan adadi "0" da kwanan wata, saboda haka Mint ya sa sabon shugaba ya mutu a tsakiyar shekara. Lokaci na ƙarshe da aka amince da Mintin Amurka sun canza kayan aikin kayan aiki a tsakiyar shekara don Lincoln Cent ya dawo a 1909 lokacin da suka cire VDB daga baya.

Ma'aikatar Harkokin Mint ta Amurka ta Sanya Tattalin Kasuwanci

Saboda dalilai da dama na tattalin arziki, raguwa mai tsanani da aka samu a Amurka a farkon shekarun 1960, da kuma ta 1963 gwamnati ta rike da hanyoyi masu kokarin magance matsalar. Ɗaya daga cikin mafita na Mint shine ya cire alamomi daga tsabar kudi, a cikin bege cewa masu karɓar haraji ba za su iya ajiye yawancin su ba idan akwai wasu nau'o'i marasa yawa don kiyayewa. Wani ra'ayi cewa ma'aikatar Ma'aikatar ita ce ta daskare kwanakin a duk tsabar kudi, kamar yadda aka ɗauka shekarun 1964 da aka buga a ƙarshen 1966. Mintin Amurka na aiki a kowane lokaci, yana fitar da tsabar kudi a cikakken ƙarfin, amma ya ɗauki har zuwa 1968 da samar da tsabar kudi ya karu, sannan Mint ya kawo alamomi a duk fadin Amurka.

Mutuwar Rashin Gwano

Ma'aikatar ta Amurka ta ci gaba da buƙatar layin Lincoln Memorial din a cikin wani allurar da ta kunshi kashi 95 cikin dari har zuwa 1982. Farashin jan ƙarfe ya taso sosai har ya fi tsada don yin kowanne dinari fiye da din din din. Wani abu dole ya canza tun lokacin da Mint ba ya samun riba.

Maganar ita ce canza Lincoln Memorial Cent to 97.5% zinc, tare da tsabtaccen jan karfe wanda ya ƙunshi 2.5% na duka mota. Gurin shine cewa kamfanonin za su kasance da kamanin wannan, yayin da gwamnati bata rasa rigarsa ba. Ko da yake akwai wasu matsalolin da wuri, tare da tsabar tsabar tsabar kudi da sauri da kuma zama mai lalacewa ko kuma mai juyayi, yawanci ƙananan haɗin zinc sun kasance babban nasara.

1982 Idan 7 Yawancin Maganin Lincoln Cents

1982 an kira shi "shekara-rikice" shekara saboda Mint yana canjawa daga wata babbar mota mai lamba zuwa wani. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, ya kamata mu kasance da iri daban-daban iri daban-daban na 1982 na Lincoln: daya daga kowane mai aiki Mint a cikin jan karfe, kuma daga kowane Mint in zinc. Duk da haka, Mint kuma ya sanya wani babban mashahuri mai saurin canji a shekara ta 1982, wanda ya haifar da wani nau'in iri-iri mai suna "Large Date and Small Date". Lokacin da aka ce duk abin da aka aikata kuma an yi, wadannan su ne manyan nau'o'i bakwai masu rarraba iri iri na 1982 Lincoln Cents:

• 1982 Copper Babbar Kwanan wata
• 1982 Magoya Kwanan Kwanan Wata
• 1982-D Copper Babban Kwanan wata
• 1982 Zinc Babban Kwanan wata
• 1982 Zinc Ƙananan Ranar
• 1982-D Zinc Babban Ranar
• 1982-D Zinc Ƙananan Ranar
• 1982-S Sanarwar Kwayar Cizon

Edited by: James Bucki