01 na 05
Menene Yayi Daidai Kamar Gilani na Tsakanin Tsakanin?
Ravenna Bowl by Sven Palmqvist for Orrefors, 1960. FreeFormsUSA.com Akwai nau'i-nau'i daban-daban masu launin gilashin da aka yi tun daga shekarun 1940 zuwa farkon 1970s. Wadannan kewayon kamar yadda vastly daga Fire King kitchenware zuwa madara gilashi kayan abincin dare . Amma lokacin da kalmar "Gilashin tsakiyar tsakiya" ta zo, ana nuna nauyin gilashin kayan fasaha da yawancin kamfanoni daban-daban suka yi a wannan lokacin. Wadannan misalai na zane na tsakiya sun bayyana su ta hanyar zane-zanensu, siffofi na hanyar yadda suka karyata haske na halitta ko an sanya su don amfani da gida yau da kullum ko kuma kayan ado na ado.
Da yawa daga cikin kayan gilashi na zamani waɗanda kamfanonin kewayen duniya ke yi a wannan lokaci sunyi wahayi da su ta hanyar siffofin gilashin Scandinavian. Bayan haka, waɗannan kamfanoni suna cikin kasuwanci don sayar da gilashi, kuma wannan yana buƙatar canzawa da hankali ko ƙari da layi don faɗar abin da yake a cikin salon kayan gida da amfani da dandano ya canza. Gidan Danish-Kyauta na zamani sun zama mafi shahararren, kuma abin da muke bayyana a matsayin salon zamani na zamani a cikin ɗakin kayan aiki ya fi tsayi, don haka kayan haɗin gida ya biyo baya.
Akwai nau'i-nau'i na gilashin fasaha da aka yi a wannan lokacin wanda ba za a iya sanyawa wani takamaiman mai ba. An bayyana su a matsayin Tsakanin Tsakanin Tsakanin Tsakanin Tsakanin Tsakanin Tsakaninsu. Wasu, duk da haka, ana alama ko rubuce-rubuce yayin da wasu kamfanoni ke da alaƙa ga sababbin hanyoyin zamani na kayan gida.
Ci gaba ta wannan nunin faifai don ganin ƙarin gilashin Scandinavian, kazalika da karni na tsakiya daga wasu Italiyanci, Amirka, da kuma masana'antun gilashin Ingila da masu zane.
02 na 05
Scandinavian Gilashin tsakiyar tsakiya
Strombergshyttan Vases, c. 1950s. ID na ID a Areaid.com Gilashin tsakiyar tsakiya wanda ya samo asali a Scandinavia - ƙasashen Denmark, Norway, da kuma Sweden - ya shahara sosai cewa kamfanoni a wasu sassa na duniya sunyi amfani da ita. Siffofin siffofi, har ma da abubuwan da aka tsara don amfani da yau da kullum da suka kasance da shahararrun a cikin shekarun 1950, sun kama idanu masu yawa a shekarun baya da suka gabata.
Gilashin gilashin da kamfanonin Scandinavia suka yi sun kasance ba su da haske fiye da sauran masu yin gilashin tsakiyar karni, amma wannan ba yana nufin wannan yankin bai yi gwaji ba tare da horarwa da launuka masu launin da ke cikin gilashi. Ya ƙare, yana fitowa daga matte da kuma sassauci zuwa gine-gine da kuma kusan ruwa, sune alamomi na gilashin Scandinavian, wanda Sweden ke ɗauka a matsayin cibiyar cibiyar samarwa.
Strombergshyttan shine mai shahararren gwanin karni na tsakiya wanda ya samo asali a Sweden. Wadannan ƙananan suna da sauti mai launin launin shuɗi da kyau. Mafi yawan gilashi ne Gerda da Asta Stromberg sun tsara, kuma mafi yawan gilashin da wannan gidan ke nuna shine Strombergshyttan ko Stromberg tare da lambar samarwa. Kamfanin ya mallaki iyalin Stromberg har sai da Orrefors ya saya shi a shekarar 1976.
Orrefors yana daya daga cikin manyan sunaye a cikin kayan gilashin Sweden wanda ke bazara a shekarun da suka gabata. Abubuwan da suke cikin karni na tsakiya sun haɗa da wadanda suka hada da bulbous decanters, da dama kayan aikin haske, da kuma "gilashin gilashi" wanda aka sanya launin duhu a cikin gilashi. Duk da yake Orrefors ya sanya gilashin giya a cikin wasu karin murya, wasu daga cikin shahararren karni na tsakiya sun samo su ne a cikin tsutsa na zaitun kore da ƙusar launin toka.
Abubuwan da aka yi a Findland sun shiga cikin wadannan, ko da yake sun kasance ainihin ɓangare na kasashen Nordic maimakon na Scandinavian da gaske. Duk da haka, '' 50s 'da' '60s' '' gida masu samar da kayan aiki suna neman gilashin Riihimäki. Hanyoyin siffofi da yawa na vases, da gaske cylindrical tare da bulges da indentations ragar da madaidaiciya line, sun garredred da yawa masu fata. Wasu Finnish-kamfanonin gilashin zamani na da mabiya.
03 na 05
Italiyancin Italiyanci na Mid-Century Italiya
Venini Murano Filigrana Stripes Italiyanci Art Glass Fazzoletto Vases, c. 1950s. Svazzo Arts a kan 1stDibs.com Kayan glassware yana da almara a Italiya, musamman misalin Venetian da Murano. Wasu daga cikin wadanda suka fi kwarewa da karba tare da masu tarawa sune waɗanda aka samar a shekarun da suka gabata bayan yakin duniya na biyu.
Paolo Venini shine sunan mafi yawan masu sauraron gilashin zamani na san. Ayyukansa a cikin shekarun 1950 sun ga cigaba da zane-zane na musamman a cikin gilashin Murano wanda mutane da yawa suka lura. Wannan ya hada da hotunan kamar Fulvio Bianconi da Carlo Scarpa waɗanda suka yi aiki tare da shi don ƙirƙirar wasu kamfanoni mafi mahimmanci cikin siffofin da siffofin da dama.
Abubuwan da aka tsara don Aureliano Toso da Dino Martens, wanda ya horar da su a matsayin mai zanen rubutu, yana kuma tattaro masu tarawa na zamani na zamani a yau. Ya yi aiki tare da kamfani da ya fara a 1939. Wasu daga cikin zane-zanensa sun dace da abin da magoyacin gilashi suke tunani akai lokacin da gilashin Venetian ya tuna, irin su Latticino guda tare da swirls swirls, yayin da wasu su ne na zamani da sababbin.
Akwai wasu wasu gine-gine na Italiya mafi girma ciki harda Fontana Arte, wanda Max Ingrand wanda aka haifa a Faransa ya jagoranci a cikin shekarun 1950. "Ya kawo wa madaidaici da yin amfani da launi ta hanyar yin amfani da fasaha don samar da gilashi mai laushi." A cikin dukkan halittunsa wanda ya fahimci mai zane a cikin sauƙi tare da zamani na zamani na zamani bayan yakin basasa, "a cewar www.Christies.com.
04 na 05
Gilashin tsakiyar tsakiyar Amurka
Misali uku na Gidan Gidan Gidan Firayi na Higgins, c. 1950s. PolishedModern.com Kamfanonin Glass a Amurka sun samar da wata gilashi na tsakiya mai ban sha'awa. Ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin Amurka da ke cikin gida mai suna Higgins.
Ba kamar sauran gine-gine da yawa da tarihi da yawa ba, The Higgins Studio ya buɗe a shekarar 1948. Sun ba da "abubuwan al'ajabi na zamani da gilashin yau da kullum" a cikin kasuwancin su, suna kara tsarin manufa na tsakiyar shekaru wanda za'a iya amfani da su cikin gilashi yayin amfani da su. Ƙunƙunansu sunyi amfani da yin amfani da fasaha da fasaha wanda ke nuna abin da higginsglass.com ke nufi a matsayin "gurasar gilashi." Michael da Frances Higgins sun fara kasuwanci a cikin ɗakin Chicago, sa'an nan kuma suka shiga tare da kamfanin Dearborn Glass na Chicago a shekarar 1957 don matsawa zuwa wani sabon ɗakin studio. Hadin Dearborn ya taimaka musu wajen inganta layin "Higginsware". Wannan ya hada da Rondelays, wadanda suke da nau'in gilashin da aka yi wa juna da kuma wuraren da aka haɗu tare (kuma ana yin su a yau) don aikace-aikace iri-iri kamar masu rarraba dakin da kuma wayar hannu.
Gilashin Blenko kuma mai suna masu tattara suna san don samar da nau'i na launin gilashi a lokacin. Masu kirkiro don kamfanin a lokacin shekarun 1950 da '60s, kamar Wayne Husted da Joel Philip Myers, sun taimaka musu suyi hanyoyi daban-daban waɗanda aka sani da su daɗaɗawa ga karni na karni na zamani. Suka yi manyan, daina dakatar da kayan aiki, da kuma wasu vases iri-iri a tsakanin sauran nau'i-nau'i. Zaɓi alamun suna alama a cikin gilashi suna nuna cewa Blenko ya yi su, amma mafi yawan suna da sutura mai sa ido wanda aka sa a lokacin da suke sababbin. Koyo don gane burbushin Blenko da launuka masu launi suna taimakawa wajen gano ƙananan wuraren da ba a ba da izini ba.
Sauran kamfanonin da aka sani kamar Heisey sun kuma yi gyare-gyare a cikin takardun su don haɗawa da alamomin zamani. Kamfanin ya yi hayan Eva Zeisel a matsayin darektan fasaha a farkon shekarun 1950. Hannunta sun samu lambar yabo, amma ba a sayar da su sosai ba don haka suna da wuyar ganowa a yau.
05 na 05
Turanci Tsakanin Tsakanin Tsakanin Tsakanin Tsakiyar Tsakiya
Whitefriars Banjo Vase a Tangerine Color, c. 1967. Circa Collectibles a kan 1stDibs.com Duk da yake Ingila ba za ta tuna da farko ba lokacin da batun Gilashin Mid-Century ya fara, yankunan da aka yi a shekarun 1950 da '60 da Whitefriars ya cancanci sanin a wannan yanki. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun masanan tare da magoya bayan zamani sun hada da rubutunsu na Textured da aka gabatar a 1967.
An yi amfani da ƙwayoyin ta hanyar amfani da kayan da ba a yarda da su ba - ƙusoshi, sassan bishiyoyi na waya, da sauransu - don samar da launi a cikin gilashi. Ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin da aka fi sani da masana'antun zamani, wato Banjo vase, an nuna su a nan. Duk da haka zanewa a kan al'adar Scandinavian, an gabatar da launi mai suna Glacier a shekarar 1972.