Bayani a kan Kamfanin Harkokin Kasuwancin Amurka na farko da aka kafa ta wata mace
An san Wurin Rookwood ne saboda samun mata masu yawa a kan ma'aikata a tsawon rayuwarsu. Amma kuma yana da bambancin kasancewa kamfanin masana'antu na farko a Amurka da aka kafa ta mace.
Maria Longworth Nichols ya fara aiki a Rookwood Pottery a Cincinnati, Ohio a 1880. Tana da'awar ya zabi sunan kamfanin bayan da ya lura da yawan rooks, wanda ake kira crows, a kan gidan mahaifinsa kuma ya kara "itace" saboda martabar Wedgwood, a cewar Warman's Antiques & Rubuce-rubucen da Nuhu Fleisher ya shirya.
A shekara ta 1883, bayan samun nasarar samun lambar yabo ga aikin kamfanin, wato a zane na zane-zanen masana'antu na Amurka a Philadelphia da kuma Exposition Universelle a birnin Paris, Nichols ya ba da sha'awa ga kamfanin William W. Taylor. Taylor ta zama shugabar kamfanin tun daga shekara ta 1883. A karkashin umurninsa, kasuwancin ya fito ne daga kamfanoni masu tasowa a cikin karuwar shekarun da suka gabata yayin da ake buƙatar fasahar masana'antu na Amurka ya ci gaba da karuwa a ƙarshen karni na 20.
Farawa na farko
Hanyar tukunyar tukwane na farko na Rookwood ya kasance ne a kan ƙananan wurare waɗanda ke samo asali a Japan da sauran tasirin da suka karbe daga kayan aikin Turai. Ba abin mamaki ba idan la'akari da wanda ya kafa kamfanin yana da dangantaka da Wedgwood . Amma a shekara ta 1884, tare da gabatarwar "ma'auni" ta hanyar kamfanin, Rookwood ya samo asalinsa a cikin tukwane a duniya.
Tun daga wannan lokaci, ƙungiyar masu fasaha da masu fasaha ta hanyar fasaha sun canza fasalin fasahar Amurka, a cewar shafin yanar gizon Rookwood Pottery.
Wani sabon fasahar Iris na Rookwood, daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka gabatar a tsakiyar shekarun 1890 karkashin jagorancin tafarkin Taylor, shine aka sanya Rookwood kyautar Grand Prix a Paris Paris a shekara ta 1900. Kamfanin ya ci gaba da girbe hatsi a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya shiga yana da yawa a wasanni masu yawa, kamar yadda aka gani a Warman's .
Lokacin Canji
Rookwood ya rungumi ayyukan fasaha da fasaha a farkon shekarun 1900. An kashe kamfanin Iris a cikin 1912, kuma an gabatar da wasu samfurori da aka sauƙaƙa da ƙananan glazes. Kamfanin ya ci gaba da gudanar da aiki a cikin shekarun 1920, amma ba a sake dawowa ba bayan ya yi ta gwagwarmaya ta hanyar Babban Mawuyacin kawai don rufe kantin a 1941.
Kungiyar masu zuba jari mai kula da motoci Walter E. Schott da matarsa, Margaret, sun sayi kamfanin kuma suka sake farawa a farkon shekarun 1940. Rookwood ya canza hannayensa sau da yawa kafin ya koma Starkville, Mississippi a shekarar 1960. Ƙofofin kogin nan na kullun sun rufe a cikin 1967.
Rookwood Marks
Ɗaya daga cikin amfani don tattara Rookwood shi ne cewa yana da sauƙi a yau ta hanyar nazarin alamar da aka kafa a ƙasa na kowane yanki. A shekara ta 1886, kamfanin ya fara amfani da alamar RP na baya . An kara harshen wuta a cikin kowace shekara don nuna alamar ranar da aka samar da wannan yanki. A shekara ta 1901, kamfanin ya fara amfani da ƙididdigar Romanci har kwanan nan tukunyarsa ya kara bayyana yadda ya dace.
Yawancin Rookwood guda suna da alamar hoto , ko cipher, a kan tushe. Wadannan suna koyo ne a cikin tukunyar ko a ajiye su a ƙarƙashin haske. Gano su yana da mahimmanci a lokacin da yake kimantawa da Rookwood, tun da yake wasu 'yan wasa na Rookwood suna da masu bin gaskiya a cikin masu tattara wannan tasirin.
Wasu ɓangarori suna sayar da su fiye da waɗanda ba tare da sa hannun mai zane ba.
Darajar Rookwood
A shekara ta 1887, Kataro Shirayamadani mai zane-zane ya fara yin tukunyar tukwane ga Rookwood. Ayyukansa na wakiltar wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke kamfanin. A gaskiya ma, wani da Shirayamadani ya yi ado a Cincinnati Art Galleries a shekara ta 2004 don samun kuɗin dalar Amurka 350,750.
Tun da Rookwood yanki ta sanya hannu ga masu fasaha masu daraja zasu iya ɗaukar farashi a farashin, koda yaushe suna tunawa da cewa gano mai yin kayan ado shine muhimmin mahimmanci wajen darajar wannan tukwane. Amfani da magungunan mawallafin da aka ambata a baya, ko alamomi, wanda ke ƙasa a kan ƙananan matakai shine hanya don kammala wannan aiki.
Ƙungiyar pastel ta Rookwood (kamar waɗanda aka nuna a sama) sun fi kowa da ƙasa kuma sun fi muni fiye da aikin Shirayamadani da sauran masu zane-zane.
Suna har yanzu ana yadu kuma suna riƙe da darajar matsakaici, amma ba za su kasance masu daraja ba kamar yadda tsofaffi kayan da aka yi wa ado. Gudun igiyoyi masu faɗakarwa masu mahimmanci ma suna da daraja ta masu tarawa idan aka samu a cikin kyakkyawan yanayin. Wadannan kuma na iya zama tsada sosai dangane da style.
Don ƙarin bayani game da farashin sayar da farashin Rookwood da sauran misalai, ziyarci jagorancin farashi na Rookwood .