Bayani game da Tarihi, Masu Tsara, Dabbobi da Ƙira
Gilashin Milk, sunan laƙabi da aka ba da gilashin gilashi a cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, an samar da ita a duniya domin dubban shekaru kafin tsakiyar shekarun 1800 lokacin da ya zama kayayyaki a Amurka. Masu sarrafa gilashin Milk a Amurka sun mayar da hankali ga Gabashin Pennsylvania, a gaskiya.
Shahararren gilashin nan ya yi daidai da 1895-1910, bisa ga littafin The Collector's Encyclopedia of Milk Glass by Bill da Betty Newbound (yanzu ba a buga ba amma suna samuwa ta hanyar yin amfani da litattafai), amma akwai babban farkawa mai gilashi madara a cikin shekarun 1940 da '50s .
Wadannan ɓangarorin su ne misalai mafi yawancin masu tattarawa a yau.
Popular Motives a cikin tsofaffin Milk Glass
Dabbar dolphin , wadda ta fi kama da kifi fiye da gada, an yi amfani da shi don samar da kayan kyamaran fitilu, da sauran abubuwa da suke nunawa a zamanin mulkin karni na 1800 (duk da cewa ya ga mutane da dama a cikin gilashi a kan shekaru). Bayan yakin yakin basasa, dabbobi da tsuntsaye daban-daban sun kasance sunaye a cikin kowane irin gilashin gilashi , ciki har da gilashin madara.
Abubuwan da suka shafi zane sun nuna alamun da ake yi wa baƙin ciki a kan madadin gurasar madara ga Mista Lincoln da Garfield a cikin shekarun 1800. Yawancin karni na 19 ya ga an yi bikin tunawa da Ƙasar Koriya ta Spain tare da shafukan da aka yi da nau'i-nau'i kamar jiragen ruwa ko Adural Dewey. Shirye-shiryen na USB na Trans-Atlantic yana da tasiri a kan kayan gilashin magunguna, kuma ya haifar da motsi na USB. "Dukan tarihin kasarmu za a iya binsa cikin gilashi," in ji Newbounds.
Newer Milk Glass na 1940s da '50s
Yawancin masu tattara gilashin ruwan gishiri a yau sunyi da Westmoreland Glass da Fenton Glass . Wesmoreland ya fara yin gilashin madara a cikin shekarun 1920, yayin da Fenton ya fara a cikin 1940s. Hanyoyin innabi na Paneledland na Westmoreland, wanda yayi kama da layin da kamfanin kamfanin ya samar a farkon karni na 1900, shi ne mafi girma amma an yi amfani da ingancen 'ya'yan itace , Old Quilt, da kuma ƙwayoyin roba da bows a cikin shagunan gargajiya a yau.
Fenton yayi amfani da daruruwan nau'ukan da suka bambanta a samar da gilashi madara. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun shine Kudiyar Silver, wanda yana da gilashin madara mai gishiri mai launi mai laushi wanda aka yi da gilashin bayyane. Wasu gefuna masu launi sun haɗa su da gilashin madara kamar Gwanar Peach Crest da Emerald Crest. Kayan Fenton na Hobnail sun kasance cikakke ne a matsayin "mafi girma, mafi mashahuri" a cikin kayan sayar da kayan gilashi madara da kuma waɗanda suke karɓar su a yau.
Ayyukan gilashin gilashin da aka yi "ingantattun tsofaffin al'adun gargajiya da aka sarrafa ta hannu" da suke kama da tsofaffin gilashin gilashi. Gilashin ya dubi mafi yawan zamani kuma yana da hankali idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffi a cikin yawancin lokuta.
Sauran kamfanoni irin su Jeannette Glass , Fostoria , Indiana Glass, da LE Smith Glass sun kuma samar da layin madara madara. Kayan ruwan inabi na tsohon sa Smith yana da rikicewa tare da Paneled Grape, amma ba shi da ginshiƙan angula a bayan ginin ma'anar idan aka kwatanta da yankin Westmoreland. Aikin inabi na Indiana na kusa da launi, amma "bangarori" a cikin wannan tsari ba kamar kusurwa ba ne kamar Westmoreland.
Rarrabe Tsoho daga Sabon
Kula da lokacin koyo don rarrabe sabon gilashi madara daga tsohuwar - wanda ya hada da bambancin launin gishiri madaurin Victorian daga cikin karni na 1950 tare da wadanda aka yi a cikin shekaru 20 da suka wuce (yadda za a duba bayani game da gyaran da ake yi a kasa).
Akwai wasu lokuttan da aka kwatanta da ma'anar tsofaffin gilashin da za'a iya samu a wani sabon gilashi a wani lokaci.
Wasu masu sayar da gilashi suna yin rantsuwa da tsofaffin matakan da suke a gefen gefen, amma sababbin sassa zasu iya samun irin wannan nau'i. Sauran masu sayarwa za su gaya maka cewa nau'in ɓangare na uku (wanda aka nuna ta jerin layi uku da aka gano a kusa da yanki) sun tsufa, amma an yi sabon gilashi tare da wannan nau'i, kuma. Wasu mutane za su furta cewa ƙididdigar da aka yi kamar harsashi da ke cikin tushe ya nuna maƙalar gilashi. Wannan, bisa ga Newbounds, yana faruwa a lokacin da aka zuba gilashi a cikin ƙwayar mai sauƙi, kuma zai iya kasancewa a cikin sabon gilashi.
Wasu masu sayarwa na gilashi kuma sun ɗauka cewa dukkanin gilashin madara mai laushi tsufa ne, amma wannan ba doka ba ne mai sauri. Kuma yayin da gwadawa tare da haske mai duhu zai bayyana ƙananan kuma gyara tare da wasu nau'i na glues, tabbatar da cewa wani ya yi haske a karkashin bulbrescent bulb ya kamata tabbatar da shekaru kuma ba kawai ma'auni ba.
To yaya zaka san idan wani ya tsufa? Tsawon da kuma gajeren shi shi ne nazarin sababbin tsofaffin gilashi. Dubi rubutun da aka rubuta na tsofaffin gilashi a littattafai da kasidu. Yi rike da nau'i-nau'i kamar yadda za a iya nunawa a gilashi kuma ka tambayi tambayoyi game da su. Bayanan kula game da tsarin tsofaffi idan aka kwatanta da sababbin. Akwai "jin" gilashin gilashi idan aka kwatanta da sabon wanda yazo da kwarewa. Ci gaba da koyon karatu kuma zaka iya gane bambancin tsohon daga sabon lokaci.
Milk Glass "Sauye-gyare"
Kamfanin Westmoreland Glass Company, a cikin kasuwanci daga shekara ta 1890 zuwa 1984, ya sanya gilashin madara a farkon shekarun 1920. Bayan da kamfanin ya rufe, an sayar da su. Kafin kamfanin gine-gine na Kasa ya rufe a shekarar 1984, kamfanin ya samo asusun Kamfanin Cambridge Glass . A lokacin da aka kaddamar da kullun na Imperial ta hanyar gyare-tsaren kayayyaki na kansu da wadanda da Cambridge ta yi amfani da shi a baya a hannun hannayen gilashi biyu da magoya bayan kungiyoyi.
Cibiyoyin tarawa, irin su Cambridge Collectors of America da Kasuwancin Gilashin Kasuwanci, sukan saya kayan gilashi idan sun zo kasuwa don kokarin kare mutuncin gilashin gilashi. Idan sun umarci wani da za a yi daga kayan da suke mallaka, ana nuna su a matsayin alamar tunawa.
Masu gilashin gilashi da ke riƙe da su na Westmoreland da na Imperial - Boyd's Crystal Art Glass, Summit Art Glass, Viking Glass, da kuma Blenko Glass Company , da sauransu - sun sanya gilashi da yawa daga waɗannan shekaru tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1980. Ba kome ba ne don sabawa don canja hannayenku daga gilashin gilashi zuwa gilashi, ba shakka. Har ila yau, ya faru a cikin shekaru mafi girma na samar da gilashin madara, kamar yadda aka gani a littafin Newbound.
Tun da waɗannan kamfanoni suna da ƙirar, ƙananan sassa ba fasaha ba ne (ko da yake wasu masu tarawa da masu sayar da su suna ganin su) kamar ana shigo da sababbin ƙwayoyin da aka yi don suyi tsofaffin tsofaffi. Duk da haka, idan kana so ka tabbatar kana sayen kayan gargajiya ko gilashin gilashi yana da hikima don nazarin abin da waɗannan kamfanoni suke yi tare da tsoffin kayan da suka saya da kuma bin inda za su ƙare a nan gaba.
Duk da haka, kula da su ba aiki mai sauƙi ba ne kamar yadda kamfanonin gilashi da yawa suka rufe ƙofofi kamar yadda Fenton yayi a shekarar 2011.