Ma'anar BU
Kudi na BU wani tsabar kudin da ba a taɓa kwashe shi ba kuma ya riƙe duk abin da yake da shi. BU yana tsayawa ne ga "Ƙwararrun Ƙirarruɗa" kuma ana amfani da shi a wasu lokuta tare da Mint State ko Uncirculated . An yi amfani da wannan ƙayyadadden lokaci sau da yawa yanzu ana yin amfani da sikelin Sheldon a ma'auni mafi yawa.
An ba da kuɗin BU a matsayin MS (Mint State) a yau kuma kullum ya shiga cikin digirin MS mafi ƙasƙanci a kan sikelin Sheldon.
Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na al'ada ta yau da kullum suna amfani da taswirar zuwa ɗakunan Mint State na gaba :
- Uncirculated (MS-60, MS-61, MS-62): Ƙirƙiri mai tsabta wadda ba ta da tsarar kudi tare da ƙananan lalacewa kamar yadda alamomin jaka da kuma ɓarna. Yawanci yana tare da mummunar kisa da mint lintter.
- Zaɓi Ƙirƙirar (MS-63): Ƙirƙiri marar tsabar kuɗi da ƙananan lalacewa kuma mafi kyawun ido ya zama ƙananan digiri na Mint State
- Zaɓin Zaɓin Ƙasar (MS-64): Wadannan tsabar kudi suna da alamomin jakarta masu tsauri da / ko kadan, amma sananne, hasken wuta saboda kulawa. Binciken ido zai kasance mai kyau, amma ba a yi ba.
- Gem Uncirculated (MS-65, MS-66): kowane tsabar tsarar kudi wanda ba tare da ƙananan ƙananan hanyoyi ko haske ba. Sakamakon gwagwarmaya da kullun zai kasance fiye da matsakaici don nau'in tsabar kudin.
- Mafi kyawun Gem Uncirculated (MS-67, MS-68, MS-69): Kuma tsabar kudi ba tare da tsafta ba tare da ƙananan ƙarancin rashin dacewa saboda kulawa da sufuri. Da yawa daga cikin wadannan batutuwa ba za a iya gani ba ne kawai a ƙarƙashin girma. Sakamakon gwagwarmaya da kullun dole ne ya kasance mai ban mamaki idan aka kwatanta da sauran tsabar kudi na irin wannan.
- Cikakken Cikakken (MS-70): Ƙari mai tsabta marar kuskure ba tare da kuskure ko alamomi ba har ma a ƙarƙashin girma. Doke ne ya zama mai ban mamaki kuma ya kamata kullun ya zama mai ban tsoro.
Tarihin Girgizar Ƙira
Kodayake Dr. William Sheldon ya haɓaka ma'aunin digiri na saba'in a shekarar 1949, ba a yarda da shi a cikin al'umma ba har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1980.
Kafin wannan lokacin masu sayar da kuɗi da masu karɓar kuɗi sunyi amfani da wasu adjectives don bayyana yanayin tsabar kudi. Sharuɗɗa irin su "Kyakkyawan", "Kyau Mai kyau", "Hardly Worn", ko "Kyau Sharar" an yi amfani dashi don bayyana yanayin tsabar kudi.
Abin takaici, ma'anar waɗannan sharuɗɗa kamar yadda aka danganta da tsabar kudin da aka kwatanta shi ne batun da ba daidai ba. Abin da mai siyarwa zai yi la'akari da "Kyakkyawan", mai karɓar kuɗi zai iya la'akari da "Lafiya". Shin ya fi kyau fiye da lafiya? Duk ya dogara ga wanda kuke nema. Tare da rashin daidaitattun, yana da kyauta a cikin kasuwa.
A 1934 Wayte Raymond, wani dillalin kujerun birnin New York da mai bincike, ya wallafa littafin farko na "Standard Catalog of Amurka Coins". A cikin aikinsa, ya bayyana irin wadannan sharuddan a matsayin Shaida, Ba tare da komai ba, Mafi kyau, Lafiya, da dai sauransu. Ya kuma samo asali - ya umarce su a cikin littafinsa daga yanayin mafi kyau ga yanayin mafi ƙasƙanci.
Kodayake wannan haɓakawa ne saboda an tsara sharuddan yanzu-an umarce su daga mafi kyau zuwa ga kalla, abin da waɗannan kalmomin da aka kwatanta shi ne batun muhawara. A shekara ta 1946, kamfanin Whitman Publishing ya ba da wata takarda ta farko na " A Guide Book of United States Coins ". Bayanan baya littafin nan ya ba da cikakkun kwatancin abin da kowane ma'anar ke nufi game da ma'auni.
A 1970, James F. Ruddy ya wallafa littafin farko na "Photograde" . Ruddy ya karbi Dokar Dr. Sheldon ta saba'in kuma ya ba da cikakkun bayanai ga kowannensu a cikin kowane jerin tsabar kudi na Amurka. Bugu da ƙari, ya ba da hotunan abin da tsabar kudin da ya kamata ya kasance da wannan nau'in.
Sheldon Scale na Grading Coins
Dokar Dr. Sheldon ta hanyar kimiyya ta asali ta farko ta dogara ne akan bincike a cikin shekaru masu yawa na tsabar tsabar kudi. Mahimmin batun shi ne cewa tsabar kudi a Mint State 70 (MS-70) zai zama sau saba'in fiye da tsabar kudin da aka ƙaddara Basal State-1 (wanda ake kira Poor-1). Abin baƙin ciki, ka'idar kimiyya ba ta riƙe gaskiya ga dukan tsabar kudi ba, a duk kwanakin da alamomi. Duk da haka, wannan ya samar da tushen tushen tsarin ma'auni na yau da kullum.
Har ila yau Known As
Mint State (MS), Brilliant Uncirculated, Beautiful Uncirculated, Uncirculated
Karin Magana
BU
Misali Amfani
"Tsohon mai ɗaukar kaya na 2x2 ya ce Naira Miliyan 1898 na BU ne, kuma tabbas, ya dawo ne daga PCGS mai daraja MS-62 ."
Edited by James Bucki