Mene ne Sheldon Scale na Coin Grading?
Amsa: Harshen Sheldon yana da ma'auni 70 na tsabar kudi, wanda Dr. William Sheldon yayi a shekarar 1949. Siffar da aka gyara a Sheldon ya zama cikakkiyar ma'auni ga ma'auni na Amurka a yau, kuma manyan sabis na fannin na uku idan aka ba da sashi a tsabar kudin. Shirin ƙididdigar adjective shi ne wanda ya riga ya wuce zuwa kashi 70 na ma'auni, kuma ana amfani da waɗannan kalmomi don taimakawa wajen bayyana daidaitattun lambobi.
Wadannan sune lambobin Sheldon da daidaitattun bayanai:
Poor-1 ko P-1 (Matalauta)
Irin nau'in tsabar kudin ne kawai wanda aka sani, amma kaɗan, saboda tsabar kudin da aka lalace ko saƙaccen santsi.
Fair-2 ko FR-2 (Fair)
Rubutun da kwanan wata suna iya ganewa, amma in ba haka ba tsabar kudin ya lalace ko musamman sawa.
AG-3 (Game da Mai kyau)
Nau'in da kwanan wata suna iya ganewa, ko da yake wasu aibobi na iya zamawa. Wasu wasiƙa ya kamata a bayyane, idan ba dole ba ne.
G-4 (Mai kyau)
Manyan na'urori da fasali sun bayyana a matsayin zane. kodayake tsabar tsabar kudin da aka ɗauka.
G-6 (Good-plus)
Coin yana da cikakken nau'i tare da manyan na'urori da kuma siffofin da aka bayyana a fili. Sukan wahala.
VG-8 (Very Good)
Rikicin baki tare da na'urori da fasaha masu ganewa. Yawancin labaran suna iya ganewa a fili, amma duk tsabar kudin yana da muhimmanci sosai.
F-12 (Lafiya)
Rim mai tsaka, duk labaran da za a iya iya karantawa, wasu na'urorin da ke nuna wasu daki-daki, amma duk tsabar kudin yana da matsakaici, amma an sa shi.
VF-20 (Very Fine)
A bayyane yake ana iya iya sauyawa amma ladabi mai laushi, na'urorin suna nuna kyakkyawan bayani, ɗakunan suna tsabta, amma ɗayan tsabar kudi suna nuna lalacewa a matsayi mai mahimmanci da ƙananan kayan da ke ƙasa.
VF-30 (Good Fine Fine)
Lissafi suna bayyane, na'urorin suna nuna cikakken daki-daki tare da kaya; Babban mahimman bayanai suna ɗauka.
EF-40 ko XF-40 (Mafi kyau)
Lissafi suna da kaifi, na'urorin suna bayyane tare da kullun kadan amma a fili akan manyan maki.
EF-45 ko XF-45 (Zaɓi Mafi kyau)
Lissafi da na'urori sune bayyane da kuma kaifi, tare da ƙananan lalacewa a manyan maki, da kuma gagarumar kira.
AU-50 (Game da Uncirculated)
Maganganun yaudara da na'urori suna nuna alamar lalacewa a kan mafi girman maki. Dole ne a rage wasu mint luster.
AU-55 (Good game da Uncirculated)
Sharp Legends da na'urorin suna nuna kawai alamar ciwa a kan manyan maki. Tsarin mint luster dole ne ya kasance akalla rabin; babban idanu.
AU-58 (Zaɓi game da Uncirculated)
Kusan ba a taɓa yin komai ba, sai dai ga ƙananan lalacewa a kan manyan maki. Kusan dukkan mint luster dole ne a kasance, kuma dole ne ya yi kyau ido roko.
MS-60 zuwa MS-70 (Mint State Basal)
Tsabar kudi a cikin wannan sait ba nuna alamun lalacewa ba daga wurare dabam dabam, amma suna da mummunan aiki, dinged-up, samfuri, samfurori marasa kyau, amma sun kasance a cikin mint yanayin da kuma kyauta daga kowane lalacewa!
Nau'o'in daga MS-60 zuwa MS-70 , da kuma Bayanan shaidun , duk sune ne kawai a kan ƙuƙwalwar ido, ingancin luster da / ko toning , da kuma kasancewa ko rashin alamomi, hairlines , da sauransu. -60 kuma mafi girma su ne Mint State tsabar kudi. Ya kamata a lura cewa Shaidar ba ta da daraja, amma irin tsabar kudi.
Me ya sa dalilai 70 a maimakon 100?
Dokta Sheldon ya kirkiro ma'auni ta hanyar binciken da ya yi don kwatanta farashin tsabar kudin zuwa digiri.
Yayin da ya tattara wannan bayani a kan rabi da ƙananan cents sai ya kammala cewa a kan adadin tsabar kudi (MS-70) aka sayar har sau 70 fiye da tsabar kudin da aka sani kawai (Poor-1). Abin takaici, wannan bai riƙe gaskiya ba a cikin rabin hamsin da ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙarin bambanci tare da wasu nau'in tsabar kudi fiye da rabin ƙirar dari.
Duk da haka, ra'ayin yana da juyin juya halin gaske kuma ya kama ta a tsakiyar shekarun 1980 tare da zuwan sabis na gwargwadon ɓangare na uku . Kamfanin wallafe-wallafen Whitman ya fara haɗaka tare da Ƙungiyar Numani na Amurka (ANA) a shekarar 1977 don taimakawa wajen kawo daidaituwa ga tsabar kudin da ke tattare da rashin daidaituwa da ba da kimiyya ba. Manufar wannan littafi ya fara ne a 1973 lokacin da Virginia Culver, shugaban Amurka na Numismatic Association ya fara aiki don magance matsalar matsala.
Kafin wannan littafi, akwai wasu kalmomi dabam-dabam don bayyana ɗayan tsabar kudi kamar yadda akwai masu sayarwa. A karkashin jagorancin Kenneth E. Bressett da abokiyarsa Neil Schaefer, tare da gudummawar daga David David Bowers, an ba da jimlar ajiya zuwa sabon matakin daidaito.
Edited by: James Bucki