Wanene Gustav Stickley?

Gustav Stickley (1858? -1942) wani mai kirki ne na Amirka, mai tsarawa da mawallafi. Ta hanyar zane-zane da zane-zanensa, ya zama babban mashawarcin ayyukan fasaha da fasaha , wanda ya bunƙasa a Amurka a fadin karni na 20.

An kafa shi ne a unguwar Syracuse, New York, kamfanin kamfanin Stickley na kayan aiki, kayan aiki da kayan aiki daga 1900 zuwa 1916. Ko da yake Stickley ya kira salonsa na Craftsman, ana kuma kira shi Mission or Mission Oak .

Kalmar nan "manufa" tana nufin wurare na Mutanen Espanya na California - daya daga tasirin zane-zane na Stickley - amma kuma ya nuna daya daga cikin muhimman dabi'u na Stickley: cewa dukan kayan aiki sun cika manufa, ko manufa.

Bayyana Abin da Ya Yi Waƙoƙin

Stickley ya yi imani da cewa kayan haya dole ne su kasance masu ma'ana - wato, da kyau, da kuma dadi. Ya so ya zama kyakkyawa, amma ya yi iƙirarin cewa kyawawan ya kamata ya samo daga siffar jituwa da kayan ingancin, maimakon maɗaukaki, cikakken kayan ado. Manufar kyakkyawan tsari (kuma, a gaskiya, na dukan ayyukan fasahar fasaha da fasaha) shine "don maye gurbin abincin dandano don darajar kaya, don koyar da cewa kyakkyawa ba ya nufin bayani ko kayan ado; kayan da ke sanya sauki, da kuma mutunci da tasiri, "in ji shi a cikin ɗan littafin farko na mujallarsa The Craftsman .

Ya kasance ta hanyar The Craftsman , wanda ya gudana tun daga 1901 zuwa 1916, cewa Stickley ya karfafa ka'idojinsa.

Tare da shafukan game da sauran masu ba da shawara da fasaha na Arts da Crafts kamar John Ruskin da William Morris, wanda aka kira sunan Gidan Morris, mujallar ta wallafa shirye-shirye don nuna masu karatu yadda za a gina gine-gine, kayan aiki, har ma da gidaje - mai sauƙi, iska - ko sassa biyu, wanda aka gina a cikin jituwa tare da wuri mai faɗi, kuma zai fi dacewa da kayan gida.

Tare da bude su, tsarin shimfidar haske, wadannan gidajen sun zama "bungalows," wani salon da ya zama sananne a yau.

Halaye na kayan aikin Craftsman

Ganawa da tsabta, layin madaidaiciya, dabbobin Stickley suna nuna salon dadi, na namiji. Oak shi ne itace na zabi, da duhu tare da ammoniya fum din ya bayyana shekaru ko don nuna haske da hatsi. An yi kwaskwarima a cikin fata da zane. Yayinda yake da yawa, yawan kayan furniture, daidaitattun daidaito da shimfidawa a waje da kuma bangarori sun hana shi daga zalunci da yawa.

Baya ga kullun tagulla, wajibi ne kayan kayan aikin kyauta ba kyauta ba ne. Duk da haka, ƙananan ƙananan daga 1903-04 an ƙawata ta da ƙarfe mai sauƙi ko hasken wuta (danna kan Ƙarin Hotuna don ganin hoto). Wadannan aikin aikin Harvey Ellis ne, masanin ginin da ya yi aiki tare da Stickley, ya rubuta kayan aiki da kayan zane don gidajen. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1904, amma tunaninsa ya ci gaba da rinjayar layin Craftsman.

Kodayake kayan aikin Stickley na da na'ura ne, yana da iska mai tsabta - an samu sakamako ta hanyar jaddada cikakken bayani game da gine-ginensa: bayyane tenons (iyakoki na itace), abubuwan da aka fallasa da kuma amfani da furanni da kwatar - ba kusoshi ko manne - azaman kayan haɗi.

Wadannan dabarun, waɗanda yawa daga cikinsu suka koma zuwa ga zamani na zamani, sun ba da kayan kayan aiki, fasahar masana juyin juya halin masana'antu. Amma aikin masana'antarta ya sa ya fi araha fiye da kowane aikin aikin hannu.

Domin shekaru da yawa, kayan aikin Craftsman sun kasance masu ban sha'awa sosai - saboda haka yana da karfin gaske wanda ya haifar da imel da yawa da kullun ba tare da izini ba. A kokarin ƙoƙarin sarrafawa da ci gaba da gasar, Stickley (ba mai sayarwa mai cin gashin kansa) ya shafe ayyukansa ba. Ya yi haka kamar yadda fasahar Arts da Crafts suka fara kama da tsohuwar labari, kuma jama'a sun fara canzawa zuwa tsarin "nostalgic", kamar Revival Colonial. An yanke shawarar bankruptcy a shekara ta 1915, inda ya rufe dukiyarsa da mujallarsa a shekara guda - wanda aka yi masa rauni, a cikin ma'ana.

A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, duk da haka, ya ga sabon abin sha'awa ga Craftsman da Ofishin Jakadancin.

Kamfanin na Stickley ya fara samo farashin koli a kan farashi, kuma masana'antun zamani sun fara gabatarwa da Jirgin Jirgin.

Tabbatar da Al'umma

Tun da kamfanin kamfanin Stickley ya yi aiki na kasa da shekaru 20, ayyukan asali a yanayin lafiya suna da wuya. Ana iya gano alamun gaskiya ta hanyar lalata ko alamar alamar shopmark, mai kwakwalwa tare da kalmomi "Als Ik Kan" (ma'ana "idan na iya"), da kuma sa hannu. A kan takardun takardu, sunan kamfanin yana nunawa: Kamfanin Gustav Stickley na farko, sa'an nan United Crafts, kuma a karshe Craftsman Workshops, Eastwood, New York.

Gustav Stickley's Craftsman furniture ba a kunya tare da guda alama L & JG Stickley . Wadannan sune ne daga Leopold da John George, 'yan uwan ​​Fineley , waɗanda suka yi aiki a ma'aikata a lokaci guda, daga Fayetteville, New York. Ayyukansu sune kama da Gustav, kuma suna da mahimmanci a kansa, ko da yake wasu masana sunyi la'akari da shi a matsayin abin da ya fi dacewa da ra'ayin ɗan'uwansu.

Bayan bankruptcy na Stickley, waɗannan 'yan uwan ​​nan biyu suka sayi ma'aikata, suka canza sunansu zuwa kamfanin Stickley Manufacturing. A shekara ta 1974, kamfanin EJ Audi, daya daga cikin masu sayar da shi. A karkashin sunan Stickley, Audi & Co. wannan mai sana'a / mai sayar da kayayyaki ya tsara kuma ya samar da sababbin kayan yau da kullum game da kayayyaki na Stickley a yau.

Dukkan ɗakuna na kayan furniture na Woodley suna nunawa a Craftsman Farms, tsohon gidan Woodley a garin Town of Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey, wanda aka mayar da shi a gidan kayan gargajiya (don ƙarin bayani: www.stickleymuseum.org).

Ƙara koyo game da ayyukan fasaha da fasaha na Charles Limbert na Arts & Crafts da Elbert Hubbard da kuma Roycroft Community .