Popular Art Nouveau Glassware
Loetz, wanda aka fi sani da shi kamar Loetz Witwe, an san shi yana daya daga cikin masu samar da fasaha ta Turai. An kafa shi a cikin abin da ake kira yanzu Czech Republic, wannan gine-gine na Bohemian mafi girma shine ya samar da kayayyaki masu banƙyama a lokacin da ya fi nasara. Gilashin Cameo ta Loetz shine mafi wuya a samu, amma nauyin azurfa da aka zana a Art Nouveau su ne abin da wasu masanan gilashi da masu karɓar sukayi la'akari da wannan aikin mafi kyawun masana'antun.
Tarihin Farko
Tarihin farko na wannan gilashin ginin da aka kafa a 1836 ya lura cewa canza hannaye sau da yawa, a cewar Loetz.com. A ƙarshe ya ƙare a matsayin mallakar Susanne Loetz, gwauruwa ( Witwe a Jamus) na mai gilashi wanda ba a sani ba. Ta zama mai mallakar shi a 1855 lokacin da mijinta na biyu ya ba shi mallaka kafin ya mutu. Susanne Loetz ya lura da harkokin kasuwancin da ake kira Johann Loetz Witwe, wanda ake kira bayan mijinta na farko, na shekaru 20 masu zuwa. Ginin masana'antu sun hada da gashi, gilashi na azurfa, da gilashin furen a wannan lokacin.
An sake komawa kasuwancin a 1879 zuwa marubucin Loetz Maximilian von Spaun. Ya yi aiki tare da Eduard Prochaska don ya kawo ma'aikata har zuwa yau kuma sun gabatar da sababbin hanyoyin da kuma matakai, wasu daga cikinsu sun kasance masu ban mamaki. Kungiyar ta ga nasara a wasanni na birane a Belgium, Jamus, da kuma Australiya da kuma karbar bakuncin gasar cin kofin duniya a Paris a shekarar 1889.
Gilashin Loetz na farko bai zama sananne ba tare da masu tattara yau kamar yadda aka saba da su na Art Nouveau, amma kamfanin da aka sani tun da wuri don hanyar da ake kira Marmoriertes. Wannan gilashi ya nuna launin ja, mai launin ruwan hoda, ko kore a kan abubuwan da suke kama da vases da bowls, kamar yadda aka gani a kan CollectorsWeekly.com. Wani bidi'a na 1880s shi ne gilashin Octopus na kamfanin tare da launin fata a cikin duhu, ƙananan motsi sunyi tunanin su kasance kamar halittun teku wadanda ake kira sunan.
Loetz Iridescent Glass
A cikin marigayi 1800s, von Spaun ya yi wahayi zuwa gare ta ta hanyar Louis Comfort Tiffany ta gilashin Favrile kamar sauran sauran kayan wasan kwaikwayo na Art Nou a lokacin. Loetz Witwe ya mayar da hankalin kan irin nau'o'in gilashi mai ban sha'awa a cikin shekaru takwas na gaba da ya shiga mafi yawan "mafi yawan kayan tarihi da kuma karba a cikin tarihin kamfanin," in ji Loetz.com.
Prochaska ya yi amfani da ƙwarewar fasaha na gilashi yayin da von Spaun ke mayar da hankali a gefen kasuwancin, kuma dukansu sun sami girman. Ɗaya daga cikin motsin su mai haske shine haɗuwa tare da masu zane-zane masu ƙira suna tsara lokaci zuwa lokaci. Kamfanin ya shafe-raye mai suna Phänomen (zancen wani nau'i na kayan ado na musamman ga Loetz tare da siffofi ko siffofi) wanda gwanin Franz Hofstätter ya shirya ya lashe lambar yabo mai girma a Paris World Exposition a 1900 tare da Tiffany, Gallé , da Daum, a tsakanin sauran gilashi. Har ila yau, kamfanin ya sanya wa] ansu ayyukan da aka ba da izini, don inganta harkokin harkokin kasuwancin, kuma ya ba da yabo a Birnin St. Louis, a 1904.
Cameo da Opal Glass - Too Little, Too Late
Shahararren nau'i na Art Nouveau da gilashi mai ban sha'awa a general sun fara yin la'akari da yakin yakin duniya na, kamar yadda von Spaun ya canja wurin kasuwanci na Loetz Witwe ga dansa Maximillian.
Ƙananan von Spaun ba shi da mahimmanci a kula da kamfani a matsayin mahaifinsa. Duk da kara haɗin gwiwa tare da masu zane-zane a Vienna da kuma zabar Adolf Beckert a matsayin sabon darektan fasaha a 1909, kyan gilashin Cameo da aka yi a wannan lokacin bai isa ya ci gaba da yin adadi na kasuwancin ba. Kamfanin ya bayyana bankruptcy a 1911 da kuma kudi infusions daga von Spaun iyali ya shiga. Beckert, wanda ke da kwarewa a gilashin Cameo, ya bar a shekarar 1913 ya yi aiki da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa a wani batu. Harshen wuta da kuma yakin yakin duniya na a shekarar 1914 ya shafi tasirin.
War yakin duniya na samar da gilashin opal, wanda ya zama sananne. Amma sake gyara ma'aikata a shekarar 1920 ya haifar da matsalolin kudi. Ba tare da sababbin sababbin abubuwa ba dangane da tsarin Art Deco na masu amfani a wannan lokacin, kuma maida hankali kan ƙananan kayan kasuwancin, tallace-tallace sun kasance jinkirin.
Wani wuta, babban mawuyacin hali, da kuma sauye-sauye na mallakar shi ya haifar da rashin bashi. Kamfanin ya rufe gaba daya a shekara ta 1947 bayan an yi amfani da ita don yin amfani da kayan tabarau mai amfani don Reich na uku a yakin duniya na biyu, kamar yadda aka gani a kan Loetz.com.
Shin An Yi Wuta Loetz Glass?
Ba duk gilashin da ya bar aikin kamfanin Loetz ba alama, kuma, a gaskiya ma, wasu lokuta masu rarrafe ba su da rikicewa da gilashin Tiffany. Wadanda suke da masaniya a zane-zane na Art Nouveau sun san yadda za su bambanta yankunan Loetz ba tare da nuna su ba ta hanyar kallon launuka, abubuwan da suka dace da kayayyaki da kuma hanyar da aka yi a kan gashi (alamar gilashin gilashi ) a kan ƙasa, tun da Loetz bala'in sukan cinye mafi yawan tushe.
Alamar Loetz mafi yawan da aka lissafa a cikin maƙasudin sharuɗɗa shine "Loetz Austria," wanda aka ɗebe nau'i-nau'i a cikin ɓangaren. Wani lokaci Loetz kayan aiki za a alama tare da farawa game da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya samar da guda. Wasu suna alama tare da lakabin suna nuna kamfanin da ya ba su izini, idan ya dace.
Bayan 1918, ana amfani da takardun Loetz Czechoslovakia maimakon Ostiraliya, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rarrabe shekarun waɗannan abubuwa.