John Szarkowski

John Szarkowski an ba da kyauta tare da canza fuskar daukar hoto a gaban jama'ar Amurka. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ya tabbatar da cewa daukar hoto ya zama nau'i na nau'i na fasaha kamar zane da zane kuma ya cancanta daidai da wannan.

A farkon

An haifi Thaddeus John Szarkowski a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1925 a Ashland Wisconsin, yana da shekaru 11 a lokacin da ya fara daukar kyamara kuma ya gane cewa yana son daukar hoto.

Ƙaunar ta kasance tare da shi kuma ya bi daukar hoto tare da kama kifi da clarinet, wanda yake ƙaunarsa na gaske.

Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Szarkowski ya halarci Jami'ar Wisconsin , amma ya katse karatunsa saboda kiransa ya yi aiki a cikin Sojan lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Bayan ya kammala aikinsa, Szarkowski ya koma koleji a 1947 don samun digiri. Ya shahara a tarihin tarihin wasan kwaikwayon kuma ya taka leda na karo na biyu ga Madison Symphony Orchestra .

An fara aikinsa

Bayan kammala karatun, Szarkowski ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai tarihi na gidan kayan gargajiya a Walker Art Centre a Minneapolis. Ya kasance mai daukar hoton wasan kwaikwayo a ko'ina cikin makaranta kuma an ba shi wasan kwaikwayon farko a gidan kayan gargajiya a shekarar 1949. An ba Szarkowski dalibai biyu na Guggenheim, wanda ya ba shi damar bin abubuwa da dama.

The Museum na Modern Art

A shekarar 1962, masanin tarihin gidan fasahar zamani na zamani, Edward Steichen, ya ba da matsayi ga Szarkowski, wanda ya yarda da wannan kyautar.

A lokacin da Szarkowski ya isa gidan kayan gargajiya yana da shekaru 37, kuma ya riga ya kammala daukar hoto wanda ya buga littattafai biyu na hotuna. Littafinsa, "The Idea of ​​Louis Sullivan" (1956) da kuma "The Face of Minnesota" (1958) sun sami karbuwa sosai. Ba a san shi ba don littafin daukar hoto, littafinsa na biyu "The Face of Minnesota," ya sauka a jerin jerin masu sayarwa mafi kyawun New York Times na makonni da dama.

Lokacin da ya karbi, babu tashoshin New York da ke nuna hotunan hoto. Ya rubuta Mirrors da Windows: Tarihin Amirka tun daga 1960. Manufar littafinsa shine ya bayyana nau'i biyu na daukar hoto. Hanyar Mirror ta mayar da hankali ga daukar hoto da kai da kuma tsarin Window wanda ya hada da masu daukan hoto da ke waje da akwatin da kuma binciko sababbin sigogi da abubuwa.

A shekara ta 1973 Szarkowski ya ci gaba da buga wani littafi, Dubi Hotuna, wanda ya hada da misalan yadda za a rubuta yadda ya dace game da daukar hoto. Har wa yau wannan littafi ne ake buƙata don karantawa ga ɗaliban hotunan hoto.

Swarkowski ya kusan kusan shekaru talatin a MOMA. A wannan lokacin, yana da alhakin kawo hankalin ga wasu manyan masu daukan hoto na zamaninmu. Shi ne Szarkowski wanda ya fara gabatar da hasken Diane Arbus, Lee Friedlander da Garry Winogrand a wani zane-zane wanda ya gabatar da hotuna daga dukkanin gumaka uku. A lokacin da aka yi la'akari da nunawa mai zurfi, saboda abun ciki da bayyanar hotunan. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka nuna hotunan da suka kasance suna cinye tarko a cikin al'amuran da suka dace.

Lokacin da yake kwatanta hoton da ke nuna, Szarkowski ya lura cewa har sai wannan ya nuna dalilin daukar hoto ya nuna abin da ba daidai ba a duniya.

Wannan hoton na nuna wata babbar canji a cikin wannan hanya. Ya ce "A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, wani sabon masu daukar hoto ya jagoranci tsarin kulawa da matakan da suka dace don cimma burinsu." "Manufar su ba ta sake sauye-sauye ba, amma dai ta san shi."

A idon kafofin watsa labarun Szarkowski ba za a hadu da su ba a duk lokacin da suka dace. Wani zane na Szarkowski da aka shirya a Museum, a 1976, ya gabatar da aikin William Eggleston, wanda amfani da launi mai launi ya yi nasara a kan daukar hoto na baƙi da fari . Shafin, "William Eggleston's Guide," an yi la'akari da shi a mafi yawancin shekara a daukar hoto.

Daya daga cikin sake dubawa wannan kyautar da Hilton Kramer yayi a The Times ya bayyana, "Mr. Szarkowski ta jefa dukkanin hankali ga iskõki kuma yayi magana akan hotuna na Eggleston kamar 'cikakke,' "inji shi.

"Daidai? Daidai banal, watakila. Cikakken abin mamaki ne, hakika. "Szarkowski kuma ya tabbatar da gaskiya a lokacin da shekaru masu zuwa za su zama kamar yadda aka fara kallon hoto na Eglonston.

Kan Kan Kansa

Shekara guda bayan ya dawo birnin New York don ya dauki matsayi tare da MOMA, Szarkowski ya auri Jill Anson, mashaidi kuma tare da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Natasha da Nina da ɗa wanda ya mutu a lokacin da yake da shekaru 2.

A shekarar 2005 Szarkowski ya ba da hotunan hotunan kansa, wanda ya buɗe a San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Wannan zane ya yi tafiya a fadin kasar kuma ya ƙare a gidan Museum of Modern Art a shekara ta 2006. Wasu daga cikin hotunan da ya fi dacewa da shi sune siffofin gine-ginen hanyoyi, hanyoyi, da kuma dabi'u, wanda ya sabawa aikin wasu.

Lokacin da wani jarida ya tambayi yadda yake jin ya nuna hotunansa, ya bayyana cewa, "Kamar yadda zane-zane, zaku dubi ayyukan sauran mutane kuma ku fahimci yadda za ku iya amfani da ku," inji shi. "Na ji daɗi cewa yawancin hotunan za su kasance masu ban sha'awa ga sauran masu daukan hoto da basira da kwarewa," in ji shi. "Kuma wannan shine abinda kake so."

Szarkowski ya koyar a Yale, Harvard, Cornell, da kuma NYU kuma ya ci gaba da yin karatu da koyarwa a dukan aikinsa. Ya yi ritaya daga Museum of Modern Art a 1991 kuma ya sake amfani da lokacinsa don ba da kansa ga biyan bukatunsa.

Swarkowski ya mutu a shekara ta 2007, yana da shekara 81, a Pittsfield Massachusetts, daga matsalolin da suka faru daga cutar.

Resources:

New York Times

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/09/arts/09szarkowski.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1

Washington Post

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/12/AR2007071202239.html