Gudun Glass na Iridescent Back to the 1890s
Lokacin da ya zo da gilashin gilashin da aka yi don zane-zane na ado, Favrile guda da aka kirkira ta Louis Comfort Tiffany 's studios suna cikin mafi kyau. Haka kuma yana daga cikin mafi kyawun karbi da gilashi mai mahimmanci a kasuwar tarin.
A shekara ta 1894, Tiffany ya rijista sunan Favrile kuma ya fara aiki a cikin shekaru biyu bayan haka. Wasu kafofin sun ce wannan zato yana samo daga kalmar Tsohon Turanci don aikin hannu: febrile .
Wasu sun ambaci faber a matsayin tushe , kalmar Latin wadda ta fassara zuwa "sana'a." Ko da kuwa wahayi daga wannan salon da Tiffany ya yi, ko da kafin a yi rajistarsa an gabatar da wasu abubuwa Favrile a cikin Labaran Columbian na duniya a Birnin Chicago a 1893.
Amma menene Favrile yake nufi? Sakamakon haka, shi ne nassin gilashin kayan fasaha (da kuma wasu tukwane) wanda Tiffany ya samar, wanda yawanci ya kasance a cikin bayyanar. Zai iya zama inganci a cikin launi ko ya gama tare da motsa jiki "slick man" gama. An samu sakamako mai ban sha'awa ta hanyar rubutun salts mai kaya a kan gilashi mai zafi, kuma sun kasance sunyi tunanin su daina ƙaranci.
Bayan haka, sunan Favrile shine nauyin aikin da aka tsara wanda aka gudanar da fasahar Arts & Crafts tare da al'adun Art Nouveau na al'ada sau da yawa wanda aka nuna a cikin siffofi kyauta na gilashi. Alal misali, yayin da bai kirkiro salon ba, an ce Tiffany ya ambaci Jack a cikin kurkuku bayan an sami furen da yake girma a kan mallakarsa a Long Island a New York.
Tiffany Studios ya yi misalai da yawa daga cikin wadannan abubuwa masu yawa a cikin farkon shekarun 1900.
Shaharar wannan gilashi ya jagoranci dubban dubban abubuwa da aka yi ta 1933. Mutane da yawa masu tarawa da kwakwalwa masu zurfi sun yi galaba akan waɗannan ƙananan yayin da suke zuwa kasuwa a yau. Ana iya ganin su a gidajen kayan gargajiya a duniya baki daya ciki har da misalai da aka gudanar a cikin tiffany tarin hoton Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of American Art a Winter Park, Florida.
Glass ya hada tare da Favrile
Yana da ban sha'awa a lura da cewa ganin ganin Steuben idan gilashi mai ban dariya, Aurene , cewa Tiffany yayi tunanin cewa Favrile mai ƙaunatacce ana kofe. Ya yi fushi sosai, sai ya gabatar da karar da kamfanin Frederick Carder ya yi. Kamar yadda ya bayyana, hanyoyin Steuben sun kasance masu ban sha'awa. Tiffany ya gano cewa hanyar da aka yi amfani da shi don samar da sabon gilashi mai banbanci ya bambanta da yadda aka yi Favrile da kuma kwat da wando ba su da cikakkiyar kayan aiki.
Duk da haka, bayan barin Tiffany & Co., Martin Bach, Sr. ya yi amfani da tsarin da ya koya yayin aiki tare da kamfani don yin gilashi, a cewar littafin John Collector's Encyclopedia of American Art Glass by John A. Shuman, III. Cibiyar Glass and Decorating Quezal ta sanya gilashi mai ban sha'awa a launuka mai launi irin su blue, zinariya, purple, da kore. Yayin da aka ba da ma'anar wannan tsari don haka, Quezal ya ƙunshi wasu alamu na musamman da siffofi a cikin layi.
Loetz Witwe kuma ya samar da gilashi mai ban mamaki wanda ya ce Tiffany ta Favrile ya fara wahayi a farkon shekarun 1890. A gaskiya ma, wannan ma'aikata ta Austrian ya fi muhimmanci a wannan lokaci, kuma sun taimaka wajen samun nasarar nasarar kamfanin a wannan lokacin.
Gilashin Phänomen mai ban sha'awa (wani nau'i na musamman ga Loetz da aka yi wa ado tare da alamu ko kuma siffofi) wanda Franz Hofstätter ya shirya ya lashe lambar yabo mai girma a Paris World Exposition a 1900 tare da Tiffany.
"Tiffany ta sami wata sanannen furuci a cikin kayan gilashi na Art Nouveau style. Yawancin aikinsa a cikin gilashi mai gunaguni wanda ya fi kyau da sha'awar kasashen waje, musamman ma a tsakiyar Turai inda ya kirkiro sabon salon, "a cewar wani fasali akan Britanica.com.
Amma a cikin gaskiya, masana tarihi basu riga sun ƙaddara waccan kamfanin ko mai sana'a da aka yi wahayi zuwa farko don ƙirƙirar gilashin ado mai ban sha'awa (musamman idan ya zo tsakanin ƙaura tsakanin Tiffany da Steuben), in ji Antique Roadshow Arlie Sulka a cikin layi na kan layi . Duk da haka, babu shakka, dukkansu suna cikin gasar a lokacin marigayi 1800 zuwa cikin karni na 20 wanda ya zama sanannun masarufi.
Musanya Gaskiyar Favrile Gilashi
Yin la'akari da masu gwagwarmayar Tiffany yana da mahimmanci, musamman ma lokacin neman neman gano gaskiyar Favrile. Haka ne, akwai lokutan da mutane suka karbi gilashin da aka sanya ta wasu ƙananan kamfanonin da aka sanya su kuma sun rubuta takardar Tiffany akan kasa na yanki.
Hakika, ƙarin nazarin irin bambancin da masana'antun ke yi zuwa ga masu sana'a, mafi kyawun ka samu akan rarrabe Tiffany takaddama. Launuka a cikin ƙarancin launin fata suna bambanta da kuma Favrile guda sau da yawa fiye da mutun a canza launin, tare da zinariya kasancewa misali. Hanyoyin kuma suna iya zama kama da haka, amma akwai da yawa da yawa daga bambancin daga masana'antun zuwa ga masu sana'a na gilashin da ba a san su ba. Ka yi la'akari da nazarin Tiffany Favrile Art Glass (Schiffer Books), ko wani lakabi da ke ba da misalan Tiffany don sanin abin da za a nema a cikin kwarai game da salon da launuka.
Har ila yau, akwai nau'o'in sa'a daban-daban a kan Favrile pieces , amma yadda ake nuna su sau da yawa suna nuna labarin amincin. "Saiti 9 sau 10 daga cikin 10 suna kwance a kan ƙananan tushe wanda aka ba da izinin lokaci. Idan kun kunna wani kuma ku dubi tushe, za ku ga sa hannu a ƙarƙashin tsaka-tsaki na tsakiya daga hagu zuwa dama. Akwai bambanci ga kowane mulki, amma wannan shine abin da za ka ga a kan mafi rinjaye da aka yi, "a cewar masanin gilashin fasaha Reyne Haynes Hirsch a cikin wata kasida don Gidajen Kaya.
Saboda wannan na'ura ta filaye yana ba da umurni mai yawa, yawanci yawan kuɗi ne a cikin dubban, dole ne kuyi kulawa sosai lokacin sayen shi. Bincike, tuntubi masana a cikin filin lokacin da shakka, kuma saya daga masu siyarwa tare da kwarewa a gilashin fasaha mai zurfi a duk lokacin da zai yiwu.
Tsaya kwanan wata a cikin sababbin labarai na yau da kullum kuma ka koyi game da ganowa, ƙira, da kuma tarawa. Yi rajista don FREE game da Antiques Newsletter a yau!