Steuben Glass Works

An sanya su ne ga County a New York inda kamfanin yake, Steuben Glass Works an yarda da ita don samar da gilashin gilashi mai kyau a farkon shekarun 1900. Kamfanin ya tabbatar da ita a 1903 lokacin da Thomas Hawkes, shugaban TG Hawkes da Kamfanin, da kuma Frederick Carder suka haɗu a Corning a New York.

"Wannan sabon kamfanin zai canza dukkanin masana'antun gilashi, da kuma sunan Frederick Carder har abada a cikin tarihin manyan gilashin gilashi," in ji John A.

Shuman na III a cikin The Encyclopedia of American Art Glass (yanzu ba a buga ba amma yana samuwa ta wurin manyan littattafai na kan layi).

Steuben ya samar da manyan blank da aka kafa ta kamfanin Hawkes ta hanyar 1918 lokacin da ya zama wani ɓangare na Kamfanin Corning Glass, da kuma yin kayan ado da launin ruwan hoton a cikin Art Nouveau styles. Wasu daga cikin hanyoyin Steuben sun kasance masu ban mamaki kuma wasu sun yi ta kwarewa da kaya mai ban mamaki da Louis Comfort Tiffany da kamfanin kamfanin Loetz na kasar Austrian suka yi. A gaskiya ma, Tiffany ya jagorantar Steuben bayan ya ga Aurene guda masu gaskanta cewa an kofe Gilashin Favrile .

Tabbas, lokacin da ya zo daidai da shi, hanyar da za a yi na biyu shi ne ainihin bambanci don haka gurbin ba shi da kotu. Masana tarihi ba su yanke shawara ba daga wa] annan kamfanonin da suka yi amfani da su, kamar yadda gwargwadon gwani na gwanin gargajiya Arlie Sulka ke yi, a cikin Hotuna na Hotuna , amma babu shakka sun kasance masu fafatawa ne don cin mashin gilashin fasaha a kwanakin su.

Har ila yau, ya bayyana cewa Carder shine babban tunani a bayan samar da aikin da ake girmamawa a Steuben. Bayaninsa ya haɗa da yin nazari tare da masanin fim din Faransanci Emile Gallé da kuma tsarawa na kamfanin Ingila da Stevens da Williams kafin su yi tafiya zuwa Amurka. Ya zama babban darektan fasaha ta Steuben a shekarar 1933 lokacin da ya yi ritaya.

Yayin da yake aiki, ya bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban wasu fasahohin da aka fi sani da fasaha da kuma tsarin kayan ado. Steuben a fili ba zai yi nasara kamar yadda ba tare da hannun Carder a cikin kasuwanci ba.

Koda bayan da ya yi ritaya, ya ci gaba da gwadawa tare da kayan gilashi ta hanyar yin amfani da magungunan da aka rasa a cikin ofishinsa a cikin shekarar 1959 yana samar da wasu nau'o'in gilashin fasaha masu ban sha'awa. Carder ya mutu a Corning, New York a 1963 bayan aiki mai tsawo da kuma tasiri a cikin masana'antar fasahar gilashi.

Gano da kuma Yin Amfani Yin amfani da Alamomin Steuben

Mafi yawan gilashin Steuben alama ne a wata hanya kafin barin ma'aikata, koda kuwa kawai takarda ne kawai aka sanya a gilashi. Wadannan takardun takarda za su iya zama zagaye, triangular, ko octagonal a siffar lokacin da aka gano. Yawanci za a kasance mai nuna gashi mai suna (wanda ya nuna gilashin gilashi ) ko da takardun takarda ya sawa ko wankewa a tsawon lokaci.

Alamar da aka fi sani da ita, ita ce wani nau'i mai launi mai matte acid tare da "STEUBEN" da aka rubuta a cikin takardun haruffa. An yi amfani da irin wannan alamar daga 1903 zuwa 1932. Sauran nau'o'i suna da fure-fure-fure da "CALCITE" ko "STEUBEN" tare da shi. Around 1929, ana amfani da alamar matte acid na kalmar "STEUBEN" a cikin takardun haruffa ko a rubutun.

Bayan 1932, ana yin amfani da katakon lu'u lu'u-lu'u don samar da harafin "S" ko "Steuben".

Ana kuma kwashe sassan Aurene tare da "AURENE" ko "STEUBEN AURENE" tare da kallo mai ban sha'awa.

An gano cewa "F. Carder" an samo shi a wasu ƙananan raguwa da kan abubuwan da aka kawo masa don ganewa daga 1903 zuwa 1932, a cewar Shuman. Kasuwanci a cikin hanyar Intarsia, wanda ake kira Carder na 1930, zai sami rubutacciyar rubutun rubuce-rubucen "Fred'k Carder" tare da raƙuman ƙasa. Duka diatreta Carder ya sanya kansa a cikin iyakokin lambobi daga 1945 zuwa 1959 (bayan ya yi ritaya daga Steuben) an sanya shi "F. Carder" ta yin amfani da ƙafafun abrasive a kan takalma mai sauƙi, kuma wasu suna da kwanan lokaci.

Yankunan Steuben

Steuben ya fara da kuma dakatar da layi akai-akai domin ya gamsar da sha'awar masu amfani, don haka wasu sunyi aiki don ɗan gajeren lokaci.

Wasu daga cikin mutane masu yawa da aka rubuta launi, da kuma kayan ado da Steuben yayi amfani da shi sun hada da gilashin Aurene mai ban sha'awa wadda aka yi a cikin zinariya, blue, launin ruwan kasa, ja da kore; Bubbly, wanda aka zahiri cika da kankanin kumfa; Zamawa da Reeding; da Gidan Gida.

Ƙara koyo game da waɗannan nau'i-nau'i na gilashi da ake karantawa Steuben Glass Varieties and Patterns .